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1、虚拟语气和相关的5年高考试题第一章虚拟语气一知识归纳1.虚拟语气在if条件句中的应用1)三种形式条件从句中的动词结果主句中的动词示例与现在的事实相反动词的过去式be动词一律用werewould/could/might/should+动词原形IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendyourparty.与过去的事实相反had+过去分词would/could/might/should+have+过去分词Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwehaddriveninturn,youwouldn’thavegotsotired.与将来的事实相反should+动词原形wereto+动词
2、原形would/could/might/should+动词原形Ifitweretosnow/shouldsnowtomorrow,weshouldtakephotos.2)虚拟条件句中有were,had,should时,可把if省略,而把were,had,should放在主语前,用到装结构,这种结构主要用于书面语中.如:Wereitnecessary,Imightresign.Hadyouinformedmeearlier,Iwouldnothavesignedthecontract.ShouldIhavetime,IwouldcallonherShoulditraintomorrow,
3、wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheSummerPalace3)错综时间条件句在这种条件句中,虚拟条件主句和从句的动作发生的时间不一致,因此,主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式,如:IfIwereyou,Iwouldnothavemissedthefilmlastnight.(现在---过去)Iftheyhadstartedintheearlymorning,theywouldarriveinhalfanhour(过去---将来)Ifyouhadaskedhimwhenyousawhimlasttime,youwouldknowwh
4、attodonow.(过去---现在)4)含蓄条件句有些句子中,没有任何表示虚拟语气的词,短语或从句,但仍要用虚拟语气.这时,要么是省略了表示虚拟语气的部分,要么隐含在上下文之中.如:Iwoulddoanythingforher(ifIcould)Wewouldhavemadealotofmoney(butwegaveuphalfway)Withoutelectricitylifewouldbequitedifferenttoday.(Iftherewerenoelectricity)5)用介词代替条件状语从句,常见的介词有with,without,butfor如:Whatwouldyo
5、udowithamilliondollars(ifyouhadamilliondollars?)Wewouldnothavefinishedthewordontimewithoutyourhelp(=ifyouhadnothelpedus)Butfortherain,(ifithadnotbeenfortherain,)wewouldhavefinishedthework2.宾语从句中的虚拟语气1)wish后宾语从句的虚拟语气与现在事实相反,用were或动词的一般过去式;与过去事实相反,用had+过去分词;表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,用would/could/might+动词原
6、形,后的从句不能用should.如:Iwishshewerehere.IwishyouwouldgowithustomorrowIwishshehadtakenmyadvice2)order,suggest,demand,insist,等表示命令,要求,建议的词后宾语从句的虚拟语气,形式为(should)+动词原形3.asif/asthough后有时用虚拟语气1)从句所设想的时间与主句动作同时发生,从句动词用过去时(be用were)Itlooksasifsheweresick.Helooksasthoughheknewthegirl2)从句所设想的时间动作于主句谓语发生,从句动词用had
7、+过去分词.如:IfeelasifwehadknowneachotherforyearsHetalksaboutpyramidsasthoughhehadseenthemhimself4.(should)+动词原形在某些从句中的应用1)当宾语从句从的谓语是suggest,request,insist,desire,demand,propose,order,command,arrange等动词时,如:Isuggestedthatwes
