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1、personifythevanishingaristocracyoftheSouth,stillmaintainingablackservantandbeingruthlessbetrayedbyamoneymakingYankee.Sometimesapartofacharacter’sbodyoranattributemayconveysymbolicmeaning,forexample,abalefuleyeinEdgarAllanPoe’s“TheTell-TaleHeart.” 4.Symbolusedinworksofficti
2、onisthesymbolicact Anotherkindofsymbolcommonlyemployedinworksoffictionisthesymbolicact:anactoragesturewithlargersignificancethanitsliteralmeaning.CaptainAhabinMelville’sMoby-Dickdeliberatelysnapshistobaccopipeandthrowsitawaybeforesettingoutinpursuitofthehugewhale,agestures
3、uggestingthatheisdeterminedtotakehisrevengeandwillletnothingtodistracthimfromit.Anothertypicalsymbolicactistheburningofthebarnbytheboy’sfatherinFaulkner’s“BarnBurning”:itisanactofnomeredestroyingabarn,butanexpressionofhisprofoundspiteandhatredtowardsthatclassofpeoplewhohav
4、edrivenhisfamilyoutofhisland.Hishatredextendstoanythinghedoesnotpossesshimselfand,beyondthat,burningabarnreflectsthefather’smemoriesofthe“wasteandextravaganceofwar”andthe“elementoffirespoketosomedeepmainspring”inhisbeing. 5.Asymbolisatrope Inabroadliterarysense,asymbolisat
5、ropethatcombinesaliteralandsensuousqualitywithannecessaryorsuggestiveaspect.However,inliterarycriticismitisnecessarytodistinguishsymbolfromimage,metaphor,and,especially,allegory. Animage Animageisaliteralandconcreterepresentationofasensoryexperienceorofanobjectthat canbekn
6、ownbyoneormoreofthesenses.Itisthemeansbywhichexperienceinitsrichnessandemotionalcomplexityiscommunicated.(HolmanandHarmon,AHandbooktoLiterature,1986)Imagesmaybeliteralorfigurative,aliteralimagebeingonethatinvolvesnonecessarychangeorextensionintheobviousmeaningofthewords.Pr
7、oseworksareusuallyfullofthiskindofimage.Forexample,novelsandstoriesbyConardandHemingwayarenotedfortheevocativepoweroftheirliteralimages.Afigurativeimageisonethatinvolvesa“turn”ontheliterarymeaningofthewords.Forexample,inthelines“Itisabeauteousevening,calmandfree;/Theholyti
8、meisquietasanun,”thesecondlineishighlyfigurativewhilethefirstlineevokesaliteralimage.Weco
