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1、非谓语动词动词分谓语动词和非谓语动词两大类。非谓语动词有不定式、动名词、分词（现在分词和过去分词）三种。表1谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别比较点谓语动词非谓语动词区别担当句子成分在句中独立做谓语在句中不独立做谓语时态有各种时态形式一般式、完成式、进行式人称有人称变化无人称变化数有单数、复数之分无单数、复数之分相同点可以有自己的（逻辑）主语可以有自己的定语和状语否定式在动词前面加not表2非谓语动词的三种时态形式形式意义一般式非谓语动词所表示的动作或状态与谓语动词的动作状态同时发生或在其后发生完成式非谓语动词所表示的动作或状态在谓语动词的动作状态之
2、前发生进行式非谓语动词所表示的动作或状态正在进行表3非谓语动词形式的比较（以write为例）主动语态被动语态一般式完成式进行式一般式完成式进行式不定式towritetohavewrittentobewritingtobewrittentohavebeenwritten---动名词writinghavingwritten---beingwrittenhavingbeenwritten---现在分词writinghavingwritten---beingwrittenhavingbeenwritten---过去分词---------written
3、written---表4能接非谓语动词的动词分类类型具体形式常用动词（短语）举例备注v.+不定式v.+todo(sth)只接不定式：afford,agree,choose,decide,demangd,expect,fail,hope,happen,learn,manage,offer,plan,promise,pretend,refusewant,wish其他：dare,need,try,begin,start动词短语：wouldlikev.+sb.+do(sth)感官动词：see,watch,notice,lookat,listento,
4、hear,feel使役动词：have,make,let,keephelp动词短语：hadbetter,wouldrather,donotingbut,can’tbut变为被动语态时，要加tov.+sb.+todo(sth)ask,tell,order,allow,permit,want,like,beg,advise,invite,warn,encourage,get,help动词短语：wouldlikev.+动名词v.+doing(sth)动词：finish,mind,suggest,practice,enjoy,keep,consider
5、allow,misssee,watch,notice,lookat,listento,hear,feel动词短语：can’thelp,feellike,keepon,giveup,insiston，putoff,befondof,stickto,payatttationto,makeacontributionto,句型：bebusy(in)doing,Nodoing,Itnousedoing,havetrouble/difficulty/problems(in)doingv.+不定式/动名词v.+todo(sth)/doing(sth)意义略
6、有差别：begin,start,like,love,hate,prefer,need/want/require意义差别较大：forget,remember,regret,stop,continue,Goon,try,mean表5非谓语动词在句子中所做成分的比较比较点不定式动名词现在分词过去分词相当于哪种词性名词名词形容词形容词形容词副词副词副词在句子中所做成分主语主语表语表语表语表语宾语宾语定语定语定语定语补语补语补语状语状语状语动词不定式的用法词类特点成分基本用法常用句式/例句备注名词主语惯用法：it做形式主语Tolearnaforeign
7、languageisnoteasy.=Itisnoteasytoaforeignlanguage.不定式复合结构Itbe+adj.(表客观情况)+forsb+todoItiseasyformetospeakEnglish.Itwashardforhimtosaybyebye.It’simpossibleforhertolookafterthebabywell.adj:difficult,hard/easy,important,interestingpossible/impossible,unnecessary/necessaryItbe+ad
8、j.（表主观感情或态度）+ofsb+todoItiskindofyoutohelpme.=Youarekindtohelpme.It’sveryniceofyout
