写作必背词汇词组

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1、写作必背单词和短语1.counterproductiveadj.产生相反效果（结果）的e.g.Itiscounterproductivetobetootough:itjustmakesthestaffresentful.2.seminaladj.萌芽的，潜在的；开创性的；有重大影响的e.g.intheseminalstate（在萌芽状态）

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3、seminalthoughts

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5、seminalprinciple（基本原则）3.forgov.放弃e.g.Thechoicetoforgohissecurityisalwaysavailable,althoughitmightc

6、arryunpleasantconsequence.4.intuitionn.直觉e.g.Iwilltrustmystrongintuitionthatfreewillisanessentialpartofourbeingashumans.5.satisfyv.证明是正当的，公证的；为…寻找正当理由e.g.Inthefinalanalysis,governmentcannotphilosophicallysatisfyassistinglargecitiesforthepurposeofeitherpromotingorpreservingthenation'scul

7、turaltraditions;norisgovernmentassistancenecessarytowardtheseends.6.resortto…诉诸…e.g.thereisnonecessitytoresorttoviolentactionssuchasdemonstration,riotorrebel.7.hingeon…以…为转移，靠…转动e.g.Theclaimthatsociety’sdestinyhingesonhowchildrenaresocialized,whileappealinginsomerespects,isanover-statem

8、entatbest.8.lendsomecredenceto…提供支持e.g.Recentadvancesinmolecularbiologyandgeneticslendsomecredencetothisposition,bysuggestingthatthesedeterminingphysicalforcesincludeourownindividualgeneticmakeup.9.dimensionn.大小；体积；程度；范围e.g.Ididnotrealizethedimensionsoftheproblem.10.amountto…相当于；等于e.g.W

9、hatyousayamountstoadirectaccusation.11.inspirev.激励或鼓舞e.g.Tobeginwith,learningaboutkeyhistoricalfiguresinspiresustoachievegreatthingsourselves---farmoresothanlearningabouttheconditionsofgroupsofpeople.12.providenecessaryimpetusfor…给与…动力e.g.Itisalmostalwaysakeyindividualwhoprovidetheneces

10、saryimputesforwhatotherwisemightbeagroupeffort,asdiscussedbelow.13.paradigmn.样式；典范；范例e.g.educationalparadigms14.obscurev.使阴暗；使朦胧e.g.Generallyspeaking,then,undueattentiontotheeffortsandcontributionsofvariousgroupstendstoobscurethecauseandeffectrelationshipwithwhichthestudyofhistoryischie

11、flyconcerned.1.nascentadj.初生的e.g.inanascentcondition/stage/state

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13、anascentindustry/literature/art2.irrespectiveofwhether…无论如何e.g.Whilewemustinvestinresearchirrespectiveofwhethertheresultsmightbecontroversial.3.drawadistinctionbetween…区分…e.g.Oneusefulapproachistodrawadistinction