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ID:14467697
大小:8.98 MB
页数:29页
时间:2018-07-28
《低碳城市:全球气候变化和区域空气污染双羸战略》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、Lowcarboncity:win-winstrategyforglobalclimatechangeandregionalairpollution低碳城市:全球气候变化和区域空气污染双赢战略DingYihui(丁一汇)NationalClimateCenter(国家气候中心)ChinaMeteorologicalAdministration(中国气象局)Atmosphericaerosolsandtheirrolesinairpollutionandclimatechange(大气气溶胶及其在空气污染和气候变化中的作用)Whatis
2、theatmosphericaerosols?Atmosphericaerosolsareacomplexchemicalmixtureofsolidandliquidmixtureofparticlessuspendedinair.Theirsizesrangefromthesmallestsuperfinemode,withdiametersofafewnanometers,tolargecoasemodeparticles,withdiametersofafewmicrometersormore.Betweenthesuperf
3、ineandcoasemodeparticlesarethefinemodeparticles,withdiametersrangingfrom0.1μmtoafewmicrometers.So,thetypicalsizeofatmosphericaerosolsrangesbetween0.001and10μmthatresideintheatmosphereforseveraldaysandweeks.Sourceregionsandlong-distancetransportofatmosphericaerosols,lead
4、ingtoextensiveareasofairpollution.Theatmosphericaerosolsmaybeemittedasparticles(primarysources)orformedintheatmospherefromgaseousprecursors(secondarysources).Theyhavetwosources:naturalandanthropogenic,asshowninthefollowingtable:Effectsofatmosphericaerosolsonclimaticsyst
5、em(orclimaticparameters).Atmosphericaerosolparticlescaninfluenceclimatechangewithalteringradiativetransferthroughtheatmosphereandtheatmosphericwatercycle.Fortheinfluenceofaerosolsonclimate,thebesteasilyunderstoodmechanismisbydirectlyscatteringandabsorbingincomingsolarra
6、diationandlong-waveradiation,thusalteringtheradiativebalanceoftheearth-atmospheresystem.Thiseffectisdefinedasthedirecteffectoftheatmosphericaerosols.ForexamplescatteringincomingsolarradiationbysulphatemayaerosolsincreasetheEarth’salbedo,therebycoolingtheatmosphereandthe
7、surface;absorptionofsolarradiationbysoot(blackcarbon)maycoolthesurfacewhileheatingtheatmosphere.Directaerosoleffectisprimarilyashort-waveforcingprocessandtheabsorbtionofthelong-waveradiationisbelievedtobesmallforanthropogenicaerosolsotherthansoot.Impactofaerosolsonthewa
8、tercycleTheatmosphericaerosolscanaffectthewatercycle,asanintegralpartoftheatmospherichydrodogicalcycle,through
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