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1、RevolutionaryPeriod(1775-1783)“TheAgeofReason”“AmericanEnlightenment”Inthe18thcentury,peoplebelievedinman’sownnatureandthepowerofhumanreason.WithFranklinasitsspokesman,the18thcenturyAmericaexperiencedanageofreason.Wordshadneverbeensousefulandsoimportantinhumanhistory.Peoplewrotealotofpoliticalwriti
2、ngs.Numerouspamphletsandprintingswerepublished.TheseworksagitatedrevolutionarypeoplenotonlyinAmericabutalsoaroundtheworld.The18th-centuryAmericanEnlightenmentwasamovementmarkedbyanemphasisonrationalityratherthantradition,scientificinquiryinsteadofunquestioningreligiousdogma,andrepresentativegovernm
3、entinplaceofmonarchy.Enlightenmentthinkersandwritersweredevotedtotheidealsofjustice,liberty,andequalityasthenaturalrightsofman.Thecolonistswhowouldformanewnationwerefirmbelieversinthepowerofreason;theywereambitious,inquisitive,optimistic,practical,politicallyastute,andself-reliant.Leadingwritersand
4、theirworksThomasJefferson(1743-1826):TheDeclarationofIndependence(1776)ThomasPaine(1737-1809):CommonSense(1776)BenjaminFranklin:AutobiographyPhilipFreneau:“TheWildHoneySuckle”1.BenjaminFranklin(1706-1790)《自传》《格言历书》2.LifeBenjaminFranklincamefromaCalvinistbackground.Hewasbornintoapoorcandle-maker’sfa
5、mily.Hehadverylittleeducation.Helearnedinschoolonlyfortwoyears,buthewasavoraciousreader.At12,hewasapprenticedtohiselderhalf-brother,aprinter.1.WorksTheAutobiographyPoorRichard’sAlmanackAt16,hebegantopublishessaysunderthepseudonym“SilenceDogood”.At17,heranawaytoPhiladelphiatomakehisownfortune.Heseth
6、imselfupasanindependentprinterandpublisher.In1727hefoundedtheJuntoclub.Franklin’sContributionstoSocietyHehelpedfoundthePennsylvaniaHospital.HefoundedanacademywhichledtotheUniversityofPennsylvania.AndhehelpedfoundtheAmericanPhilosophicalSociety.Franklin’sContributionstoScienceHewasalsorememberedforv
7、olunteerfiredepartments,effectivestreetlighting,theFranklinstove,bifocalglassesandefficientheatingdevices.Andforhislightning-rod,hewascalled“thenewPrometheuswhohadstolenfirefromheaven.”Franklin’sContributio
