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1、Figuresofspeech(修辞)arewaysofmakingourlanguagefigurative.Whenweusewordsinotherthantheirordinaryorliteralsensetolendforcetoanidea,toheighteneffect,ortocreatesuggestiveimagery,wearesaidtobespeakingorwritingfiguratively.Nowwearegoingtotalkaboutsomecommonformsoff
2、iguresofspeech.修辞是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。它能使语言生动形象、具体活泼，给人以美的享受。 1)Simile：(明喻）Itisafigureofspeechwhichmakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelementshavingat leastonequalityorcharacteristic(特性)incommon.Tomakethecomparison,wordslikeas,as...as,asifandlikeareusedtotransfertheq
3、ualityweassociatewithonetotheother.Simile与汉语的明喻基本相同，用某一事物或情境来比拟另一个事物或情境。其本体和喻体均同时出现在句中，在形式上是相对应的。英语 simile 的标志词常用like,as,seem,asif,asthough,similarto,suchas等.汉语明喻的比喻词通常是"好象"、"仿佛"等。例如： AsbusyasabeeAshappyasaclam(athightide)Likeacatonhotbricks热锅上的蚂蚁Tospendmon
4、eylikewater挥金如土 Theyarelikestreetcarsrunningcontentedlyontheirrails. 这些人犹如街上的有轨电车， 满足于在自己的轨道上运行。 1)Metaphor：(暗喻）Itislikeasimile,alsomakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelements,butunlikeasimile,thiscomparisonisimpliedratherthanstated.隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另
5、一事物,通过比较形成.（noindicatorofresemblance）Forexample,theworldisastage.Speechissilver,silenceisgold.Unionisstrength. Experienceisthemotherofwisdom. 经验为智慧之母。2)Analogy:(类比,借喻）Itisalsoaformofcomparison,butunlikesimileormetaphorwhichusuallyusescomparisonononepointofre
6、semblance,analogydrawsaparallelbetweentwounlikethingsthathaveseveralcommonqualitiesorpointsofresemblance.根本不说出本体（tenor），或不在本句子中说出来，而把喻体(vehicle)直接用在本体应该出现的地方。Makehaywhilethesunshines.趁热打铁Anemptysackcannotstandupright.空口袋立不直Prov.Apoororhungrypersoncannotfunct
7、ionproperly.Sitdownandhavesomethingtoeatbeforeyougobacktowork.Anemptysackcan'tstandupright.无钱寸步难行；肚子饿了会难受 4)Personification:(拟人）Itgiveshumanformoffeelings toanimals,orlifeandpersonalattributes(赋予)toinanimate(无生命的)objects,ortoideasandabstractions(抽象).personif
8、ication与汉语拟人完全相同，就是赋予物以人的言语属性。这种拟人化的修辞手法读起来使人感到特别形象生动、富有情趣。例如： Wordspaynodebts. 空话还不了债。 Thewindwhistledthroughthetrees.Timeandtidewaitfornoman. Justicehasalongarm.OwildWestWind,thoubreathofAut
