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1、动词不定式和动名词的区别作主语①动词不定式和动名词作主语均为单数。不定式作主语经常表示具体动作,常与特定的动作执行者联系在一起;而动名词作主语经常表示抽象动作,经常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起.如:It'snogoodeatingtoomuchfat.It'snogoodforyoutoeatsomuchfat.②动名词结构作主语,可以用名词或代词属格形式作逻辑主语.如:It'snouseyourpretendingthatyoudidn'tknowtherules.作宾语⒈不定式作宾语①以下动词后
2、,只能跟不定式作宾语.如:agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail,help,hope,lean,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等,这些词大部分可接that引导的从句.如:Idecidedtoaskformymoneyback.IdecidedthatIwouldaskformymoneyback.Whenourvisittothefarmwasov
3、er,weexpectedtostartbackonfoot.Whenourvisittothefarmwasover,weexpectedthatwewouldstartbackonfoot.②当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语it代替不定式,把不定式置于补语之后,即:主语+动词+it+补语+todo句式.如:Wethinkitquiteimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguagewell.Hefeelsithisdutytohelpthepoor.=Hefee
4、lsthatit’shisdutytohelpthepoor.③介词but,except,besides+todo(do)在这种句型中,如介词前有动词do,后面应接不带to的不定式;如无do,则接to不定式,即带do不带to,带to不带do.如:Theenemysoldiershadnochoicebuttogivein.OnSundayafternoonIhadnothingtodobutwatchTV.⒉动名词作宾语①以下动词后,只能接动名词作宾语,如:admit,appreciate,consi
5、der,delay,enjoy,finish,keep,imagine,mind,miss,practise,resist,risk,save,suggest,don'tmind,giveup,insist,on,putoff等.如:Isuggestspendingoursummervacationinaseasidetown.Youmustgiveupsmoking,foritdoestoomuchharmtoyourhealth.②动名词作介词的宾语Ishouldgotoattendthebirt
6、hdaycelebrationinsteadofstayingathome.WhataboutinvitingLiJuntomakeaspeech动名词前的介词有时可以省略,如:havedifficulty(in)doing,havenotrouble(in)doing,losenotime(in)doing,prevent/stop…(from)doing,thereisnouse(in)doing等.⒊部分动词后面,既可接动词不定式,也可接动名词作宾语,意义不变.如:begin,continue,
7、start,hate,like,love,need,require,want等.在need,require,want后接-ing形式,表示被动意义,也可接不定式,但要用被动形式,如:Yourhandwritingneedsimproving(tobeimproved).hate,love,like接不定式表示特定的未来事件,接动名词表示目前正在进行的活动或一般的行为.在下列情况下,一般要用不定式:①hate,like,love前有would(should)时,如:I'dliketohaveacupof
8、coffee.②当谓语动词begin,continue,start等是进行式时,如:Thestudentsarestartingtoworkonthedifficultmathsproblem.③begin,continue,start与know,understand等状态动词连用时,如:Isoonbegantounderstandwhatwashappening.⒋advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit等动词后接动名词
