英漢對照大慧禅师书信

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1、PrefaceThisbookgivesatranslationofsomelettersandlecturesonCh'anbythegreatteacherTaHui.HisremarkstranslatedfromChineseherewereinthemainaddressedtopeopleinlaylife,sotheemphasisisonwaysbywhichpeopleimmersedinworldlydoingscanlearnCh'anandachievetheliberationpromisedbyBuddha.Thoughmoretha

2、neighthundredyearshavepassedsinceTaHuilived,thegistofhismessageisnotboundtoanyparticulartime,place,ormodeofexpression---hopefullyhiswordswillstillhithomeandhelppeopleoftodaytounfoldtheirpotential.AbouttheAuthorTaHuiwasbornintothecosmopolitanworldoftheSungdynasty.Itwasanagewhenbothrat

3、ionalisticphilosophyandpracticalinventionflourished,whenprintedbooksmultipliedandtheartsreachedamaturesophisticationstilladmiredtoday.Communicationandcommerceintensified:fiveChinesecitieshadpopulationsoveramillion.Talentsfromalloverthecountryweredrawntothebrilliantcirclesintheimperia

4、lcapital.Thiswasnocharmedgoldenage,unself-consciousandunquestioning.Thepoliticalsensibilitiesofmanyupper-classChinesewereaffrontedbytherelativeweaknessofthedynastytowardsthepowerful"barbarian"statespressinginonthenortheastandnorthwest,andreformmeasurestostrengthenthegovernmentandaugm

5、entitsrevenueweregreatissuesofcontrovesyamonggentlemenofaffairs.Theproductiveclassesfeltthepressuredirectly,asitwastheywhohadtofinancetheswollen,ineffectivearmy,andtheheavypaymentsofsilverandsilksentastributetotheenemy.Pressureoftaxationundercutthepositionofthesmallproducers,moreandm

6、oreofwhomhadtogiveuptheirindependenceforthepatronageofabiglandlordwhocouldfendoffthetaxburdenthroughpoliticalpull.Asthegovernmenttriedtoincreaseitsrevenue,itsucceededmoreindrivingthenation'swealthbeyonditsownreachintopowerfulprivatehands,whilemillionsoflittlepeopleweredeprivedoftheir

7、livelihoodaltogether.Finallyinthe1120sthedambroke.In1126theforcesofthe"barbarian"Chinstatetothenortheastcapturedthecapital,Pien,alongwiththereigningemperor,hisretiredfather,andalargenumberofhighofficialsandtopcourtiers.SoontheChinhadsetuptheirownpuppetsovervaststretchesofChinanorthof

8、theYangtse,a