（关节学）中南大学ppt课件

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1、ArthrologyXuegangLuoDepartmentofAnatomy&NeurobiologyXiangyaSchoolofMedicine,CSUPI.GeneralDescriptionArchimedessaid:GivemeaplacetostandandIwillmovetheearth.RF1.ClassificationofLeversinMovement1.Firstclass2.Secondclass3.ThirdclassAtlantooccipitalElbowAnkleArticulatio

2、n（joints）Synarthrosis（immovablearticulation）直接连接（不动关节）Diarthrosis（movablearticulation）间接连接（可动关节）Fibrousjoints纤维连结Cartilaginousjoints软骨连结Osseousjoints骨性连结Synovialjoints滑膜关节2.ClassificationoftheJoint骨连结（关节）1.FibrousJointsBonesheldcloselytogetherbyfibrousconnectivetis

3、sueII.SynarthrosisInterosseousmembraneofleg2.CartilaginousJointsBonestightlyconnectedbyfibrocartilageorhyalinecartilageIntervertebraldiscPubicsymphysisEpiphysealplate3.OsseousjointsBonestightlyconnectedbybonytissueFibrousJointsCartilaginousJointsOsseousjointsIII.Sy

4、novialJointsSynovialcavityseparatesarticulatingbonesFreelymoveable(diarthrosis)ArticularSurfaceArticularCapsuleArticularCavity1.EssentialStructure:1.1ArticularSurfaceArticularCartilagereducesfrictionabsorbsshockMale/FemaleAreadifference1.2ArticularCapsuleSurroundsj

5、ointTwolayers:FibrousmembraneSynovialmembrane1.3ArticularCavityMagdeburgHemispheresSurroundedbysynovialmembraneandarticularcartilagePotentialspaceSynovialfluidfilledNegativetotheatmospherepressureExampleofSynovialJoint2.TheaccessorystructureLigamentsArticulardiscso

6、rlabrumSynovialfold&bursaIntracapsularligamentswithincapsule2.1LigamentsExtracapsularligamentsoutsidejointcapsule2.2ArticulardiscsAttachedaroundedgestocapsuleMakethearticularsurfacesfittingwitheachotherDiminishtheshockofthejointProlapseddiscAnnulusfibrosusNucleuspu

7、lposusRootofspinalnerveSpinalcord2.3SynovialBursaBetweenskin/boneortendon/boneorligament/boneFluid-filledsaclikeextensionsofthejointcavityReducefrictionbetweenmovingstructuresSaclikestructures3.ThemovementofsynovialjointsFlexion(屈):decreasingthejointangleExtension(

8、伸):increasingtheangleAbduction(展):awayfrommedianplaneofthebodyAdduction(收):closetomedianplaneofthebodyRotation(旋转):turntheanteriorsurfacetoorfrom