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状语从句种类从属连词例句说明时间状从whenWhenIcameintotheroom,hewaswritingaletter.Weshallgotherewheneverwearefree.when指的是“某一具体的时间”whenever指的是“在任何时间”Iwaswalkingalongthestreetwhensuddenlysomeonepattedmeontheshoulderfrombehind.Iwasabouttogoswimmingwhenourguidestoppedme.when意为“这时”或“在那个时候”,表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时，另一动作同时发生。这种用法的when分句一般位于句末。常用句型：beabouttodo…when…,bedoing…when…,haddone…when…,beonone’sway…when…,beonthepointofdoing…when…Heusuallywalkswhenhemightride.Theyhadonlythreetableswhentheyneededfive.Howcanyouhopeformercyyourselfwhenyoushownone?尽管，虽然，既然，鉴于，如果whileWhileitwasraining,theywentout.Istayedwhilehewasaway.while指“在某一段时间里”，“在…期间”，while引导的动作必须是持续性的IlikewatchingTVwhilehelikesreading.while做并列连词，表示相对关系“然而”WhileIunderstandyourpointofview,Idon’tshareit.While引导让步状语从句，相当于although，但一般位于主句之前。Whilethereislife,thereishope.While引导条件状语从句，相当于as/solongas,翻译成“只要”asHehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.as引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生AsIgetolder,Igetmoreoptimistic.两种正在发展或变化的情况，有“随着”的意思，表时间的推移。Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.一边……一边…… Ashewasgoingout,itbegantorain.强调两个动作紧接着发生。Asaboy(Whenhewasaboy),hewashopelessatmaths.as+名词，相当于时间状语从句beforeA.Beapupilbeforeyoubecomeateacher.BWewaitedalongtimebeforehecameout.Wehadn’twaitedlongbeforehecameout.C．Hediedbeforehewroteawill.D．hesunhadsetbeforeweknewit.LeavemebeforeIchangedmymind.I’ddiebeforeIapologizedtothem.GetoutbeforeIcallthepolice.往往表示主句的动作先于从句的动作发生，“在……之前”，A.“……才”（强调主句所表达的时间、举例很长或花费的力气很大。）B.“……就”（强调主句所表达的时间、举例短或花费的力气很大。）C．“还没有……”“免得”“不知不觉”“宁可、宁愿”“否则，要不然”Itwillbefiveyearsbeforehereturnstohishomeland.Itwon’tbelongbeforewemeetagain.It+（not）be+sometime+before从句。肯定句中，“多长时间之后才”；否定句中，“用不了多长时间就”afterHearrivedafterthegamestarted.until/tillWewaitedtill(until)hecameback.如主句动词是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到…为止”Shedidn’tstopworkinguntileleveno’clock.Untilhehadpassedoutofsight,shestoodthere.如主句动词是瞬间动词，常用否定式，表示“直…才”“在…以前不”,从句放在句首表示强调，一般用untilsinceGreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978.AssoonasIarriveinShanghai,I’llwritetoyou.状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开，如从句在主句之后则不必用标点符号。Mr.Lihasbeenheresincehecameback.IhavewrittenhomebutoncesinceIcamehere.since后是非延续性动词的过去式，则时间的起点应从该动作发生时算起。Hehaswrittentomefrequentlysincehewasill.since后是延续性动词的过去式，则时间的起点应从该动作结束时算起。 Itis(hasbeen)alongtimesinceIsmoked.IthasbeentwoyearssinceIbegantosmoke.It+be+sometime+since短语或从句，如果从句中谓语动词是非延续性动词，意为“做某事已有多长时间”；如果是延续性动词，意为“不做某事已有多长时间”。需要注意主句与从句时态的一致性。一……就……Hardlyhadwebegunwhenweweretoldtostop.Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.=HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.Nosoonerhadwegottothestationthanthetrainleft.hardly…when和nosooner…than的意义相当于assoonas,但只表示过去发生的事情，主句为过去完成时，从句为过去时，如hardly或nosooner位于句首时语气强，而且主句的谓语要用部分倒装。一……就……EverytimeItravelledbyboat,Igotseasick.ThemomentIheardthesong,Ifeltcheerful.Nexttimeyoucome,you’llseehim.有些名词或副词可以起连词的作用。如：theminute,themoment,theday,theweek,theyear,thefirsttime,anytime,nexttime,everytime,thelasttime,eachtime,allthetime,bythetime,immediately,instantly,directly,assoonas,once等。在时间状语从句中，不能用将来时或过去将来时，而要用现在时或过去时代替将来时。Onarrivingatthestation,thethiefwasarrested.一OnhisarrivalinParis,hewasrecognisedasaobleandthrownintoprison.ondoingsth.或onone’s+名词地点状从wherewhereverWherethereisawill,thereisaway.Wherethereiswaterthereislife.Youarefreetogowhereveryoulike.Whereveryougo,youmustobeythelaw.where与wherever意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。where表示特定的地点，wherever表示非特定的地点。原因状从becauseIcamebacklateyesterdaybecauseIwasondutybecause用来回答why的问题，语气最强notbecause…butbecause不是因为……而是因为……partlybecause…部分是因为……becausebecauseof sinceSinceeveryoneishere,let’sbeginourmeetingsince表示既然或全已知的理由,稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放句首forHemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.不是说明直接原因，而是对某种情况加以推断，用于表示补充说明理由。asAshedidn’tknowmuchEnglish,helookedupthewordinthedictionary.As语气最弱，其原因只是对结果的附带说明。从句常放在句首，说明原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中。nowthat,seeingthat,consideringthat，inthatNow(that)theweatherhasclearedup,wecanstartourjourney.Seeing(that)hewasbadlyill,wesentforthedoctor.Now(that)everybodyishere,let’sbegin.seeing(that),nowthat,consideringthat和since,as意义相似，他们都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思，that可以省去inthat中that不能省略。nowthat用来说明一种新情况，然后加以推论，位于句首时，that可以省略。目的状从thatsothatinorderthat=totheendthatlest=forfearthatIshallwritedownyourtelephonenumberthatImaynotforget.We’lltellyouthetruthsothatyoucanjudgeforyourself.Theyworkedharderthanusualinorderthattheycouldfinishtheworkaheadoftime.Putonmoreclotheslest(=forfearthat)youshouldcatchcold.目的状语从句中常用情态动词may(might)can(could),should等放在动词之前，从句往往放在主句之后，主从句之间不用任何标点符号incaseTakeyourraincoatincaseitrainsHeleftearlyincasehe(should)missthelasttrain.Incase“以防”后面的从句可以使用一般现在时表示将来，或使用一般过去时表示过去将来，还可以和其他的目的状语从句一样，有一个表推定性的情态动词，incase从句可使用should，但should也可以省略。 结果状从sothatso…thatWeturneduptheradio,sothateveryoneheardthenews.Hewassoexcitedthathecouldn’tsayaword.sothat前有逗号为结果状语从句so…that的so后面跟形容词或副词such…thatHegavesuchimportantreasonsthathewasexcused.Itissuchaninterestingnovelthatallofuswanttoreadit.Itissointerestinganovelthatallofuswanttoreadit.such…that的such后面跟名词，如果名词是单数就要用sucha/an…that还可以转换用so…that，语气较强条件状从ifunlessas/solongasincasesofarasonceDifficultiesarenothingifwearenotafraidofthem.Weshallgotheretomorrowunlessitrains.=Weshallgotheretomorrowifitdoesn’train.So/Aslongasyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.IncaseIforget,pleaseremindmeaboutitSofarasIknow,thebookwillbepublishednextmonth.unless从句的谓语只能用肯定式。unless和if…not同义，unless是书面语，if…not是口语，通常二者可以换用条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时suppose/supposing(that)假定provided/providing(that);oncondition(that)在……条件下，以……为条件Suppose/Supposingitrainstomorrow,whatshallwedo?I’llgoprovided/providingthechildrencancomewithme.I’llallowyoutogoswimmingonconditionthatyoudon’tgotoofarfromthebank.方式asasif…DrawacatasItaughtyouDoasyouaretold.Shelooksasifsheisill.此处as译为：按照或正如asif或asthough的意义和用法基本一样。从句中可以用现在时表示可能符合事实，也可以用虚拟语气 状从asthoughHeactedasif(though)nothinghadhappenedTheytreattheblackboyasif(though)hewereananimal.asitis/wasIthoughtconditionswouldgetbetter,butasitistheyaregettingworse.Leaveitasitis.用于句首时，用来陈述真实的情况，可以翻译为“事实上，实际情况是”；用于句末时，常表示“按原来的样子，照现在的样子”，若前面的名词委复数，则应改为astheyare/were。asitwereHeis,asitwere,awalkingdictionary.Theskyiscovered,asitwere,withablackcurtain.用作插入语，表示“仿佛，好像，可以说是”，不能改为asitis(was)让步状从althoughthoughAlthough(Though)hewasoversixty,(yet)hebegantolearnFrench.Wewerenottiredthough(although)wehadworkedallday.在句子中一般用了“虽然”就不能再用“但是”（but）但可以与yet或still连用。though/although意义相同，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化，后者正式多放主句的前面evenif,eventhoughI’llgoevenif(though)itrainstomorrow.evenif和eventhough的意思为“即使”“纵使”有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中asChildasheis,heknowsalot.Coldasitis,(=Thoughitiscold,)thechildrenplayoutdoors.as引出的状语从句多用于书面语，它比用though或although引导的从句，语气强，更有表现力，从句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。nomatter(whether,who,whatwhen,where,which,how…)Doitnomatterwhatotherssay.Nomatterhowbusyhewas,hestudiedEnglisheveryday.Nomatterwhotakesupthematterforme,Ishallbeverygrateful.nomatter……与who-ever引导的让步状语从句意义基本一样，nomatter……引导的从句可是以位于主句前或主句后wh+ever(whateverwhoever,wheneverwhichever,however)Whateverhappens/mayhappen,weshallnotloseheart.Whoevercomes,hewillbewelcome. 短语“尽管”Inspiteof/Despitethefactthatheissometimesselfish,wehavetodependonhimSomepeopleactregardlessofwhatwillhappenafterwards.forall(that),inspiteofthefact,despitethefactthat,regardlessof(ofthefact)等。orRightorwrong,thisismytemper.Eastorwest,homeisbest.or连接的两个意义相反的词语，在句中也表让步。比较状从as…as,notso/as…asthesame…assuch…asMaryisasoldasmysister.Hedoesn’trunso(as)fastasJack(does).Hisbookisthesameasmine.HenryisnotsuchagoodworkerasPeter.连词表示同程度级的比较，肯定句用as…as否定句可用notas…as或notso…as…than…Shehasmadegreaterprogressthisyearthanshedidlastyear.HeboughtfewerbooksthanI(did).themore…themore…Themoreyouread,thebetteryouunderstand.Themoreticketsyousell,themoremoneyyouwillget.Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.Thesooner,thebetter.Thewarmer,thebetter.themore…themore意思为越…越…，通常的语序为从句在前主句在后，这两个the都是表示程度的副词，用在比较级的形容词或副词前面
