系解笔记颅骨整体观 躯干骨连接

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1、教学内容：颅的整体观目的要求：1.掌握颅底内面的重要结构，翼点的概念，鼻旁窦的组成、位置和开口位置，颅囟。2.熟悉颞窝、颞下窝、翼腭窝的位置，眶、骨性鼻腔的形态结构和交通，新生儿颅的特征。3.了解颅的顶面观、后面观和颅底外面观的主要结构，颞下窝和翼腭窝的交通。颅的整体观Wholeviewsoftheskull1.顶面观Superiorviewoftheskull冠状缝Coronalsuture矢状缝Sagittalsuture人字缝Lambdoidsuture2.后面观Posteriorviewofthe

2、skull乳突Mastoidprocess枕外隆凸Externaloccipitalprotuberance3.内面观Internalviewoftheskull⑴颅盖内面观Internalviewofthecalvaria上矢状窦沟Sulcusforsuperiorsagittalsinus⑵颅底内面观Internalviewofbaseoftheskull①颅前窝Anteriorcranialfossa筛板Cribriformplate鸡冠Cristagalli筛孔Cribriformforamina

3、②颅中窝Meddlecranialfossa垂体窝Hypophysialfossa鞍背Dorsumsellae视神经管Opticcanal颈动脉沟Carotidsulcus眶上裂Superiororbitalfissure破裂孔Foramenlacerum③颅后窝Posteriorcranialfossa枕骨大孔Foramenmagnum斜坡Clivus枕内隆凸Internaloccipitalprotuberance横窦沟Sulcusfortransversesinus乙状窦沟Sulcusforsigm

4、oidsinus4.颅底外面观Externalviewofbaseoftheskull5.颅侧面观Lateralviewofbaseoftheskull⑴分部：以颧弓zygomaticarch为界分为颞窝temporalfossa和颞下窝infratemporalfossa。外耳门Externalacousticpore乳突Mastoidprocess颧弓Zygomaticarch翼点Pterion：颞窝底前下部，额、顶、颞、蝶四骨会合处，呈“H”形缝，此处骨质较薄，内面有脑膜中动脉前支通过。⑵颞下窝In

5、fratemporalfossa：可与颞窝、颅中窝、眶和翼腭窝相通。6.颅前面观Anteriorviewoftheskull⑴额区Frontalregion额结节Frontaltuber眉弓Superciliaryarch眉间Glabella⑵眶Orbit（一尖一底四壁）：可与颞下窝、翼腭窝、颅中窝和鼻腔相通。尖：视神经管Opticcanal底：眶上切迹Supraorbitalnotch眶下孔Infraorbitalforamen四壁：上：泪腺窝Fossaforlacrimalgland内：泪囊窝Foss

6、aforlacrimalsac下：眶下裂Inferiororbitalfissure眶下沟Inferiororbitalsulcus外：眶上裂SuperiororbitalfissurelocatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewb

7、ayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennightcame⑶骨性鼻腔Bonynasalcavity（两口四壁）可与鼻咽、口腔、眶、颅前窝、翼腭窝和鼻旁窦相通两口：梨状孔piriformaperture和鼻后孔posteriornasalaperture四壁：Roof：筛板CribriformplateFloor：骨腭BonypalateMedialwall：骨性鼻中隔BonynasalseptumLateralwall：上、中、下鼻甲Superior,middleandinferiorn

8、asalconchae上、中、下鼻道Superior,middleandinferiornasalmeatus蝶筛隐窝Sphenoethmoidalrecess⑷鼻旁窦Paranasalsinuses：与鼻腔相通的颅骨内的含气空腔①包括额窦Frontalsinus、筛窦Ethmoidalsinuses、蝶窦Sphenoidalsinuse和上颌窦Maxillarysinuse。②Openingsoftheparanasalsi