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1、培根OfStudies原文及三个版本的汉译【原文】Studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.Theirchiefusefordelight,isinprivatenessandretiring;forornament,isindiscourse;andforability,isinthejudgmentanddispositionofbusiness.Forexpertmencanexecute,andperhapsjudgeofparticulars,o
2、nebyone;butthegeneralcounsels,andtheplotsandmarshallingofaffairscomebestfromthosethatarelearned.Tospendtoomuchtimeinstudiesissloth;tousethemtoomuchforornamentisaffection;tomakejudgmentwhollybytheirrulesisthehumorofascholar.Theyperfectnatureandareperfectedbye
3、xperience:fornaturalabilitiesarelikenaturalplants,thatneedpruningbystudy,andstudiesthemselvesdogiveforthdirectionstoomuchatlarge,excepttheybeboundedinbyexperience.Craftymencontemnstudies,simplemenadmirethem,andwisemenusethem,fortheyteachnottheirownuse;buttha
4、tisawisdomwithoutthemandabovethem,wonbyobservation.Readnottocontradictandconfuse;nortobelieveandtakeforgranted;nortofindtalkanddiscourse;buttoweighandconsider.Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested;thatissomebooksaretobere
5、adonlyinparts;otherstoberead,butnotcuriously;andsomefewtobereadywholly,andwithdiligenceandattention.Somebooksalsomaybereadbydeputyandextractsmadeofthembyothers;butthatwouldbeonlyinthelessimportantarguments,andthemeanersortofbooks;elsedistilledbooksare,likeco
6、mmondistilledwaters,flashythings.Readingmakesafullman;conferenceareadyman;andwritinganexactman.Andtherefore,ifamanwritelittle,hehadneedhaveagreatmemory;ifheconferlittle,hehadneedhaveapresentwit;andifhereadlittle,hehadneedhavemuchcunningtoseemtoknowthathedoth
7、not.Historiesmakemenwise;poetswitty;themathematicssubtle;naturalphilosophydeep;moralgrave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend.Abeuntstudiainmores.Naythereisnostondorimpedimentinthewit,butmaybewroughtoutbyfitstudies:likeasdiseasesofthebodymayhaveappropriateexercise
8、s.Bowlingisgoodforthestoneandreins;shootingforthelungsandbreast;gentlewalkingforthestomach;ridingforthehead;andthelike.Soifaman’switbewandering,lethimstudythemathematics;forindemonstrations,ifhi
