deficits in second language reading fmri evidence from chinese children with english reading impairm

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1、窗体顶端Purchase$31.50518Functionalactivationoftheextensorcarpiradialismusclesinhumans  OriginalResearchArticleArchivesofPhysicalMedicineandRehabilitation,Volume82,Issue9,September2001,Pages1164-1170BevenP.Livingston,RichardL.Segal,AllenSong,KatharineHopkins,ArthurW.English,ClaudineC.Manning Clo

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4、  Relatedreferenceworkarticles    AbstractAbstractAbstractLivingstonBP,SegalRL,SongA,HopkinsK,EnglishAW,ManningCC.Functionalactivationoftheextensorcarpiradialismusclesinhumans.ArchPhysMedRehabil2001;82:1164-70.Objectives:Toassessactivityofradialwristextensorsc

5、ausedbyisometricradialdeviationandextensionbyusingmagneticresonanceimaging(MRI)andtoassessmeasuresthatmightbeusedtonormalizeT2-weighteddata.Design:Two-wayanalysisofvariance(ANOVA)design.Setting:Laboratoryandchildren'shospital.Participants:Threehealthyvolunteers.Interventions:Tenrepetitionsof

6、10-secondrandomlyordered30%or60%ofmaximumvoluntaryisometriccontractionstowardwristextensionorradialdeviation.MainOutcomeMeasures:AverageT2valuesfromT2-weightedMRimagesoftheextensorcarpiradialisbrevis(ECRB)andtheextensorcarpiradialislongus(ECRL),flexordigitorumprofundus(FDP),andradiusmarrowwe

7、redeterminedacross7sectionsand4exerciseboutsandapreexercisecondition.Results:Significantdifferencesacrosstaskandacrosssectionsweredetermined.PosthocanalysisrevealeddifferencesinactivitybetweenproximalanddistalECRBandECRLduringanPurchase$31.50exerciseanddifferentialactivationofthesamemuscleac

8、rossthe2exercisetasks.BonemarrowandFDPdidnotshowtask-relatedchanges.TherangeofaverageT2valuesofbonemarrowacrosssectionswasgreaterthanamuscle(FDP)thatwasnotthetargetoftheexerciseprotocol.However,FDPdidshowsmallbutsignificantdifferencesacrosssections.Conclusions:T2-weightedMRimagescanbeusedtos

9、tudymuscleactivationat30%and60%ofmaximumvoluntarycontractions.Theuseofinactivemuscleandbonemarrowfornormalizingdatarequiresfurtherinvestigation.[copy]2001bytheAmericanCongressofRehabilitationMedicineandtheAmericanAcademyofPhysicalMedicineandRehabil