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1、定语从句考点清单定语从句的基本用法一.定语从句的基本知识1.定义: 定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。关系代词有:who,whom,whose,that,which等。关系副词有:when,where,why等。2.定语从句的位置:定语从句的位置只能放在它所修饰词的后面。 Tom,whois17,ismyclassmate.Tomismyclassmate,whois17.3.定语从句的结构:被修饰的名词/代词+关系代词+从句“被修饰的名词/代词”=“先
2、行词”这儿要强调的是先行词只能是名词或代词4.定语从句的分类:限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句见清单P89一二、关系代词的用法1.关系代词which,that的用法which(指物,作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省略,),that(指人/物,作宾语可省略)所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语。例如:Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which/that在句中作主语)Thepackage(which/that)youarec
3、arryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which/that在句中作宾语)注意:定语从句中,只能用关系代词that或只能用关系代词which的情况:8见清单P90二、(二)2. 当关系代词后面带有插入语时,只能用whichHereistheEnglishgrammarwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish. 避免重复当先行词为that时或一个句子中有两个定语从句,其中一个用了that,另一个宜用whichThatwhichyouborrowedisoutofdate.Ibo
4、ughtsomemagazinesthatmighthelpmetokilltimeandwhichIcouldpassontootherswhenIfinishedthem.2.关系代词who,whom,whose的用法见清单P90二、(一)1,2指人时,宜用who的情况(4点)① 非限定性定语从句中指人的时候,只能用who② 避免重复。如先行词为that/those时③如果先行词是one,ones,anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody时,关系代词应该用who或whom④ Therebe结构中,修
5、饰主语的定语从句宜用whoThere’sagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.3.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句介词后面的关系词不能省略。that前不能有介词。1)见清单P91,(三),12)见清单P91,(三),2 a.Theman(towhomyoutalkedjustnow)willchairthemeetingtomorrow.=Theman(whom/whoyoutalkedtojustnow)willchairthemeetingtomorrow.但注意,在固定短语中介词不能提前,比如:carefor,callon,putoff,listen
6、to,lookfor,lookafter等,如果把它们拆开,那么这些短语就失去了原来的含意。8TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.b.Hetoldmetheticketsarehardtobuy,inwhichcaseyou’dbetterbuyrightnow.(which作case的定语)(Hetoldmetheticketsarehardtobuy,andyou’dbetterbuyrightnowinthatcase.)c.Thebooks,someofwhichhehasread,areveryinteresting.表
7、示整体与部分关系(Thebooksareveryinterestingandhehasreadsomeofthebook.)d.Thestudents,mostofwhomhaveseenthemovie,arefromourclass.(Thestudentsarefromourclassandmostofthemhaveseenthemovie.)e.Hespent2hoursthere,duringwhichtimeheslept.(Hespent2hoursthereandhesleptduringthattime.)f.Thebossinw