The Chinese Borrowing of Lexical Items from English20

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1、TheChineseBorrowingofLexicalItemsfromEnglish Abstract:Amongthevariousfactorsthatcontributetotheincreaseinthevocabularyofalanguage,borrowingseemsasprominentasanyother.ThiscanbeillustratedbythefactthatModernChinesedifferslexicallyfromOldChinesemostobviouslyinthenumberofborro

2、wingwords.Borrowingoccurswhenonelanguagetakesawordormorphemefromanotherlanguageandaddsittoitslexicon.Ithasbeenasourceofnewwordsformostlanguagesoftheworld.Keywords:languagechange;borrowing;English;lexicalitems I.IntroductionThewordsofalanguagecanbeclassifiedintotwomajorcate

3、gories:nonnativeandnative.Nonnativewordsareborrowed,technicallycalledloanwords.Borrowingcanbedirectandindirect.Adirectborrowingreferstoaborrowedwordthatisanativeterminthelanguagefromwhichitisborrowed.Whenanitemissaidtobeanindirectborrowing,itisindirectlyborrowedfromalangua

4、ge,withanotherlanguageasanintermediary.Sincethelate19thcentury,ChinesehasbeeninclosecontactwiththeEnglish.Asaresult,numerousEnglishwordsandmorphemesareborrowedintoChinese.Mostofthemaredirectborrowings.However,therearealsoalargenumberofindirectborrowingsthroughJapanese.This

5、researchconcernsaboutthedirectandindirectlexicalborrowingfromEnglishaswellasthemajorprinciplesusedwhenadoptingEnglishwordsorphrases. II.DirectChineseBorrowingfromEnglishThewaysofdirectborrowingaremanifold.Generallyspeaking,therearesixkindsofdirectborrowing.1.     Translite

6、rationTransliterationmeanstheactofwritingwordsorlettersinorasthelettersofadifferentalphabet[1].HoweverwemustknowthatcompletetransliterationofEnglishintoChineseisveryrare.ThephoneticaswellasphonologicalsystemsofthetwolanguagesarequitedifferentsothatitisverydifficultforEngli

7、shtobetransliteratedintoChinese.Strictlyspeaking,transliterationofEnglishintoChineseisoftenincomplete.InEnglishtherearestresseswhileinChinesetherearetones.ItoftenhappensthatanEnglishsoundisreplacedinChinesebyacharacterwithsimilarsoundascorrespondingtotheEnglishone.Forinsta

8、nce,theEnglish/v/isusuallyreplacedbythecorrespondingChinese/f/asin“volt”伏特.AndtheChinese/