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1、theUKpoliticsshowtimenowCompositionlegislativeprocesspoliticalpartieslegislativeprocessPerhapsthemostfundamentaldifferencebetweentheAmericanandBritishpoliticalsystemsistheconstitution-orthelackofone.TheessenceofEnglishcommonlawisthatitismadebyjudgessittinginc
2、ourts,applyingtheircommonsenseandknowledgeoflegalprecedent(staredecisis)tothefactsbeforethem.legislativeprocessIntheBritishpoliticalsystem,almostalllegislationisproposedbytheGovernmentandmuchofitcomesfrompromisesmadeinthemanifestooftherelevantpoliticalpartyat
3、thelastelection.AtthebeginningofeachannualsessionoftheParliament,themainBillstobeconsideredareannouncedbytheQueeninaspeechopeningthatyear'ssessionofParliament.AlllegislationhastobeapprovedbybothHousesofParliament.legislativeprocessIneachHouseofParliament,apro
4、posedpieceoflegislation–calledaBill–goesthroughthefollowingstages:1,FirstReading–theBillisintroducedwithsimplyareadingbyaMinisterofthelongtitleoftheBill2,SecondReading–thegeneralprinciplesoftheBillaredebatedbyallthemembersoftheHouseandaformalvoteistaken.3,Com
5、mitteeStage–eachclauseandscheduleoftheBill,plusamendmentstothemandanynewclausesorschedules,isexaminedindetail,intheCommonsbyasmall,speciallychosengroupofmembersmeetingasPublicBillCommittee,intheLordsbythemembersasawholeontheflooroftheHouse.legislativeprocess4
6、,ReportStage–thechangesmadetotheBillintheCommitteearereportedtoanddebatedbythewholeHousewhichisinvitedtoconsidertheBillasawhole,approvethechangesbytheCommittee,andconsideranyfurtherproposedchangesthatmightbesuggested.5,ThirdReading–thefinalversionoftheBillisc
7、onsideredbythewholeHouseinashortdebate(intheCommonswithoutthefacilityforfurtheramendments)6,RoyalAssent-theCrowngivesassenttotheBillwhichthenbecomesanAct,theprovisionsbecominglaweitherimmediatelyoratadatespecifiedintheActoratadatespecifiedbywhatiscalledaComme
8、ncementOrderlegislativeprocessSeveralpointsareworthnotingaboutthelegislativeprocess:Undernormalcircumstances,allthesestagesmustbecompletedinbothHousesinonesessionofParliament;otherwisethe
