国际营销管理ch03

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1、GlobalMarketingManagement,5eChapter3Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.1Chapter3FinancialEnvironmentChapterOverviewChapter3Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.21.HistoricalRoleoftheU.S.Dollar2.DevelopmentofToday’sInternationalMonetarySystem3.FixedVersusFloatingExchangeRates4.ForeignExchangeandForeign

2、ExchangeRates5.BalanceofPayments6.EconomicandFinancialTurmoilAroundtheWorld7.MarketingintheEuroAreaIntroductionChapter3Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.3Foreignexchangeisthemonetarymechanismallowingthetransferoffundsfromonenationtoanother.Theexistinginternationalmonetarysystemalwaysaffectscompanie

3、saswellasindividualswhenevertheybuyorsellproductsandservicestradedacrossnationalborders.1.HistoricalRoleoftheU.S.DollarChapter3Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.4Eachcountryhasitsowncurrencythroughwhichitexpressesthevalueofitsproducts.Inthepost-WorldWarIIperiod,theUnitedStatesagreedtotoexchangethed

4、ollarat$35perounceofgold.Thedollarbecamethecommondenominator(分母；标准)inworldtrade.Intheearlyseventies,theU.S.dollarstandardwasdropped.TheresulthasbeenmorevolatilityandamorelikelytendencyfortheUScurrencytodepreciateduetopersistentUStradedeficits.2.DevelopmentoftheCurrentInternationalMonetarySystemChapt

5、er3Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.5Post-WorldWarIIdevelopmentshadlong-rangeeffectsoninternationalfinancialarrangements.ThenegotiationstoestablishthepostwarinternationalmonetarysystemtookplaceattheresortofBrettonWoodsinNewHampshirein1944whichestablishedtheInternationalMonetaryFund(IMF).2.Developm

6、entoftheCurrentInternationalMonetarySystemChapter3Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.6TheIMFoverseestheinternationalmonetarysystemanditsfunctionsareasfollows:1.Topromoteinternationalmonetarycooperation2.Tofacilitatetheexpansionandbalancedgrowthofinternationaltrade3.Topromoteexchangestabilityandtomai

7、ntainorderlyexchangearrangements4.Toassistintheestablishmentofamultilateralsystemofpaymentsinrespecttocurrenttransactionsbetweenmembernations;toeliminateforeignexchangerestrictions2.DevelopmentoftheCu