Charles Dickens and His Oliver Twist 狄更斯与《雾都孤儿》

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1、CharlesDickensandHisOliverTwist查尔斯狄更斯与《雾都孤儿》【关键词】查尔斯狄更斯；《雾都孤儿》；批判现实主义者;批判现实主义【摘要】查尔斯狄更斯是英国文学史上杰出的现实主义作家。雾都孤儿是他的代表作之一。小说描写了伦敦底层社会中贫苦儿童的悲惨生活，揭露了贫民救济所的黑暗。他所塑造的任务，在今天读来仍栩栩如生。KeyWords:CharlesDickens;OliverTwist;criticalrealist;criticalrealismAbstract:CharlesDickenswasoneofthegreatestcriti

2、calrealistwritersoftheVictorianAge.OliverTwistwasoneofhismasterpiecesinreflectingtherealandterriblelifeoftheworkhouseandunderworldinthenineteenth-centuryLondon.1.CharlesDickens(1)HistoricalbackgroundofRealismPeriod(1832-1900)TheRealismPeriodisalsocalledVictorianPeriod,becauseitroughl

3、ycoincideswiththereignofQueenVictorian(1837-1901)chronologically.TheearlyyearsoftheVictorianEnglandwasatimeofrapideconomicdevelopmentaswellasserioussocialproblems.TheIndustrialRevolutiongearedup.Scientificdiscoveriesandtechnologicinventionsfromrailwaystosteamshipsfromspinningloomstop

4、rintingmachinesquicklybroughtamazingchangestothecountry.ForatimeEnglandwasthe“workshopoftheworld.”Largeamountofprofitswereaccumulatedbothfromexpandingitsforeigntrademarketsandfromexploitingitshuge-sizedcolonies.Towardsthemid-century,Englandhadreacheditshighestpointofdevelopmentasawor

5、ldpower.Andbeneaththegreatprosperityandrichness,thereexistedwidespreadpovertyandwretchednessamongtheworkingclass.Inthetownsandcitieswherenewfactoriesandminesbloomed,populationgrewatahighrate,whichsurelyresultedinextremematerialandmentalpoverty.Workersandtheirfamilies,thecomponentofth

6、epopulation,werecrowdedinthedirtyandinsanitaryslums.Theworkingconditionsunderwhichworkerstoiledwereunimaginablybrutal,especiallyintextilefactoriesandcoalmineswherewomenandchildrenwerewidelyemployed.ThenOliverTwist,Dickens’sprotestagainsttheworkhouses,wasappearinginserialform.Theworse

7、ninglivingandworkingconditions,themassunemploymentandthenewPoorLawof1834withitsworkhousesystemfinallygaverisetotheChartistMovement(1836-1848).TheEnglishworkersgotthemselvesorganizedinbigcitiesandbroughtforththePeople’sCharter,inwhichtheydemandedbasicrightsandbetterlivingandworkingcon

8、ditions.Them