organizational behavior

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1、OrganizationalBehavior–studiestheinfluencethatindividuals,groups,andorganizationalstructurehaveonbehaviorwithinorganizations,isthesystematicstudyoftheactionsandattitudesthatpeopleexhibitwithinorganizations.Psychologyseekstomeasure,explain,andchangebehaviorSoci

2、ologystudiespeopleinrelationtotheirfellowhumanbeingsSocialpsychologyfocusesontheinfluenceofpeopleononeanotherAnthropologyisthestudyofsocietiestolearnabouthumanbeingsandtheiractivitiesPoliticalscienceisthestudyofthebehaviorofindividualsandgroupswithinapolitical

3、environmentThesumtotalofwaysinwhichanindividualreactstoandinteractswithothersMyers-BriggsTypeIndicatorIndividualsareclassifiedasextrovertedorintroverted(EorI),sensingorintuitive(SorN),thinkingorfeeling(TorF),judgingorperceiving(JorP)TheBig-FiveModel•Extroversi

4、on•Agreeableness•Conscientiousness•EmotionalStability•OpenesstoExperienceValuesRepresentbasicconvictionthat"aspecificmodeofconductorend-stateofexistenceispersonallyorsociallypreferabletoanoppositeorconversemodeofconductorend-stateofexistence."Terminalvalues-re

5、ferstodesirableend-statesofexistence,GoalsthatapersonwouldliketoachieveduringhisorherlifetimeInstrumentalvalues-referstopreferablemodesofbehavior,ormeansofachievingtheterminalvalues霍兰德的人格类型Hofstede’sFrameworkforAssessingCultures•Powerdistance•Individualismvs.c

6、ollectivism•Quantityoflifevs.qualityoflife•Uncertaintyavoidance•Long-termvs.short-termorientationPerceptionisaprocessbywhichindividualsorganizeandinterprettheirsensoryimpressionsinordertogivemeaningtotheirenvironmentAttributionTheoryWhenweobserveanindividual’s

7、behavior,weattempttodeterminewhetheritwasinternallyorexternallycaused.（归因理论三因素）(1)Distinctiveness(2)Consensus(3)Consistency归因理论两种偏差Fundamentalattributionerror-tendencytounderestimatetheinfluenceofexternalfactorsandoverestimatetheinfluenceofinternalorpersonalfa

8、ctorsSelf-servingbias-tendencyforindividualstoattributetheirownsuccessestointernalfactorssuchasabilityoreffortwhileputtingtheblameforfailureonexternalfactorssuchasluckShortcutsinJu