直译与意译,归化与异化

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1、.直译与意译，归化与异化直译与意译之争中国汉唐时期的“文”与“质”之争（实际上是意译与直译之争）主张“文”的翻译家强调翻译的修辞和通顺强调译文的可读性（意译）；主张“质”的翻译家则强调翻译的不增不减，强调翻译的忠实性（直译，甚至是硬译）。两者都有片面性。literaltranslation,generallyspeaking,means“nottoaltertheoriginalwordsandsentences”;strictlyspeaking,itstrives“tokeepthesentimentsandstyleoftheoriginal”.Ittak

2、essentencesasitsbasicunitsandtakesthewholetextintoconsiderationatthesametimeinthecourseoftranslation.Furthermore,itstrivestoreproduceboththeideologicalcontentandthestyleoftheoriginalworksandretainsasmuchaspossiblethefiguresofspeech.-..Freetranslation,alsocalledliberaltranslation,isan

3、alternativeapproachwhichisusedmainlytoconveythemeaningandspiritoftheoriginalwithouttryingtoreproduceitssentencepatternsorfigureofspeech.Thisapproachismostfrequentlyadoptedwhenitisreallyimpossibletotranslatetheoriginalliterally.直译与意译直译：literaltranslation；意译：freetranslation直译的例子：crocod

4、iletears鳄鱼的眼泪；armedtotheteeth武装到牙齿；chainreaction连锁反应；gentlemen’sagreement君子协定onecountry,twosystems一国两制；Thethreereligionsandthenineschoolsofthought-..三教九流；papertiger纸老虎；Breatheone’slast断气；gotoone’sexternalrest安息；thelongsleep长眠；seeMarx见马克思；gowest上西天；gotoheaven上天堂；blowoutthecandles吹灯拔蜡；

5、kickthebucket蹬腿Youcankickeverythingbutyoucannotkickthebucket直译不等于死译(deadtranslation):街道妇女应动员起来打扫卫生。Womeninthestreetshouldbecalledontodosomecleaning.-..“Inthestreet”shouldbereplacedby“inthecommunity”.她一大早起床，进城，见到了她的公爹：Shegotupearly,wenttothetownandsawherpublicfather.Publicfathershould

6、befatherinlaw.意译的例子：Itrainscatsanddogs/atsixesandsevens/Adam’sapple句子比较：Littlefishdoesnoteatbigfish直译：小鱼不吃大鱼；意译：胳膊拧不过大腿试译：天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福直译：Stormsgatherwithoutwarninginnatureandbadluckbefallsmenovernight.意译：Theweatherandhumanlifearebothunpredictable更多练习：ButIhatehim,andIhadafeelingthath

7、ewouldsurelyleadusbothtoourancestor.-..Don’tgetcrossthebridgetillyougettoit.Doyouseeanygreeninmyeye?你觉得我幼稚可欺吗？这句话带有反问语气，关键在于“green”。此处“green”不是绿色的，而是指“缺少经验的，幼稚的，好欺负的”。　HitlerwasarmedtotheteethwhenhelaunchedtheSecondWorldWar,butinafewyears,hewascompletelydefeated.希特勒在发动第二次世界大战时是武装到牙齿的

8、，可是不过几年，就被彻底