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1、高中重点语法精讲高中英语语法现象很多。为了便于区别,不同的语法现象被赋予了不同的语法概念或名称(每个语法现象对应着一个自己的“名字”)。语法概念或名称是语法现象的高度浓缩和概括,准确的理解把握语法概念或名称对解决相关的语法题目,起着事半功倍的作用。下面所述的重点语法问题均从语法概念或名称入手,使得繁琐难懂的语法问题变得通俗易懂便于掌握。主谓一致概念透析:定义:主语和谓语动词在人称和数上保持一致。解法指南:1.就近原则----谓语和最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致:1)两个做主语的名词或代词由either…or,neither…n
2、or,notonly…butalso,or连接时,谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致NotonlyhebutalsoIamateacher.Neitherthestudentsnortheteacherknowsanythingaboutit.Themanagerorhisassistantwasplanningtogo.2)therebe/herebe结构中be动词与后面的最近的名词保持一致。Thereisapenandtwobooksonthedesk.Hereisaletterandabookforyou.3)倒装结构Hewo
3、rkswellinthefactory,sodoesshe.Theboydoesn’tlikeplayingfootball,neither/nordoeshisyoungerbrother.Onthetopofthehillstandsatemple.4)oneof+复数名词+which/that/who(引导定语从句)+谓语用复数;that/which引导定语从句,谓语动词与先行词一致。Heisoneofstudentswhodaretocatchsnake.区别:Heistheonlyoneofstudentswhoda
4、restocatchsnake.I,whoamawarm-heartedman,willdowhatIcandotohelpyou.2就远原则—谓语动词的人称和数与最远(最前面)的主语保持一致:1)主语后面跟aswellas,with,togetherwith,inadditionto,besides,alongwith,including;except,but,not;like短语时谓语动词和最前面的名词一致Aboywithhisparentsisgoingtozoonextweek.Nobodybutthestudents
5、isintheclassroom.ShenotIlikesplayingvolleyball.2)each作同位语时,它不决定单复数。谓语动词跟前面的主语一致。Theyeachhaveadictionary.(区别:eachofthemhasadictionary.)3)theonly/veryoneof+复数名词+which/that/who+谓语用单数Heistheonlyoneofstudentswhodarestocatchsnake.3意义一致原则----指主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主
6、语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,这是谓语动词用单数形式。1)集合名词,作为整体时看为单数,强调个体时看作复数。如:Group/class/committee/family/army/team/audience/government/staff…Myfamilyarehavinglunchnow.(family强调个体)Myfamilyhasmovedintothenewhouse.(family强调整体)Thebasketballteamconsistsof20players.(team强调球队整体)Thebasketball
7、teamarehavingabathnow.(team强调个体-球队球员)2)单复数同形的词,根据主语本身要表达意思来判断谓语动词用单数还是复数。如means,cattle,sheep,Chinese,Japanese,works,species,fish…AsheepisrunningalongtheriverEverymeansofsolvingtheproblemneedsdiscussing.Thecattlearegrazingneartheriver.牛在河边吃草3)表示数目,时间,金额或距离的名词复数做主语根据意
8、义将其看作整体谓语动词用单数。Twentydollarsistooexpensiveforthebook.Twohoursisenoughforustofinishtheexperiment.4)由and连接的名词短语如果表示同一人或事物,谓动用单数;若表示两个不同的概念,谓