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1、TheEpistemologyofAPrioriKnowledgeTamaraHorowitzOXFORDUNIVERSITYPRESSTheEpistemologyofAPrioriKnowledgeThispageintentionallyleftblankTHEEPISTEMOLOGYOFAPRIORIKNOWLEDGETamaraHorowitzEditedbyJosephL.Camp,Jr.120061OxfordUniversityPress,Inc.,publishesworksthatfurtherOxfordUniversity’sobjectiveofexcell
2、enceinresearch,scholarship,andeducation.OxfordNewYorkAucklandCapeTownDaresSalaamHongKongKarachiKualaLumpurMadridMelbourneMexicoCityNairobiNewDelhiShanghaiTaipeiTorontoWithofficesinArgentinaAustriaBrazilChileCzechRepublicFranceGreeceGuatemalaHungaryItalyJapanPolandPortugalSingaporeSouthKoreaSwitz
3、erlandThailandTurkeyUkraineVietnamCopyright#2006byOxfordUniversityPress,Inc.PublishedbyOxfordUniversityPress,Inc.198MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NewYork10016www.oup.comOxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPressAllrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,o
4、rtransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise,withoutthepriorpermissionofOxfordUniversityPress.LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataHorowitz,Tamara.Theepistemologyofaprioriknowledge/TamaraHorowitz;editedbyJosephL.Camp,Jr.p.cm.Includesbiblio
5、graphicalreferencesandindex.ISBN-13978-0-19-518271-2ISBN0-19-518271-51.Apriori.I.Camp,JosephL.,Jr.II.Title.BD181.3.H672005121'.3—dc222004063611135798642PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaonacid-freepaperTamarawouldhavededicatedthisbooktoherfather,mother,andbrother,notonlybecauseshelovedthem,butbe
6、causeshelearnedfromtheirexamplethatcreativitymustbecombinedwithhardwork.JosephL.Camp,Jr.ThispageintentionallyleftblankACKNOWLEDGMENTSamaradiscussedtheargumentsintheseessayswithmanycolleagues,friends,andstudents.IknowthatshemadechangesTinthewaysheapproachedthethemesofher‘‘BacktrackingFallacy’’ar
7、gumentasaresultofdiscussionswithDavidGauthier,AnilGupta,MarkWilson,andWesSalmon.Iamsuretherewereotherswhoshouldbementioned.AnilGuptaandJeremyHeisreadmyeditedversionsoftheun-publishedessaysatdifferentstagesofcompletionandhelpedmege