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1、REIMBURSINGTHEFUTURE:Anevaluationofmotivational,voluntary,price-based，property・right,andregulatoryincentivesfortheconservationofbiodiversityPARTIAreportbyM.D.Young,N.Gunningham,J.Elix,J・Lambert,B.Howard,P.GraboskyandE.McCronePreparedbyCSIRODivisionofWildlifeand
2、Ecology,theAustralianCentreforEnvironmentalLaw,andCommunitySolutionsJanuary1996BiodiversitySeries,PaperNo.9BiodiversityUnitContents>Previous>NextChapter1:INTRODUCTIONIn1993,theAustraliangovernmentratifiedtheInternationalConventiononBiologicalDiversity.Thisactio
3、ncommittedAustraliatoanumberofbiodiversityobjectives,includingfindingwaysofusingincentiveinstrumentsandmechanismstopromotetheconservationofbiodiversityandencourageitsecologicallysustainableuse,acommitmentwhichisreinforcedbyourNationalStrategyforEcologicallySust
4、ainableDevelopmentandtheNationalStrategyfortheConservationofAustraliasBiologicalDiversity(abbreviatedasNationalBiodiversityConservationStrategy).Thisreport,themethodologyforwhichissummarisedabove,isaboutwaysinwhichwecanputthatcommitmentintoaction.1.1WhatisBiodi
5、versity?Formany-ifnotmost-Australians,biodiversityconservationisanewterm.Certainlytheideaofregardingthewidevarietyofbiologicaldiversityassomethingtobevaluedinitsownrightisonewhichscientistsintheareahavebeenusingforsomeyears,buttheconcepthasnotbeenwidelydiscusse
6、dinthepublicarena.Itis,insomeways,adifficultconcepttograsp-butitisalsoavitaloneintermsofenvironmentalpolicy.InArticle2oftheInternationalConventiononBiologicalDiversity,whichAustraliawasoneofthefirstcountriestosignandsubsequentlyratify,biodiversityisdefinedas:th
7、evariabilityamonglivingorganismsfromallsourcesincluding,interalia,terrestrial,marineandotheraquaticecosystemsandtheecologicalcomplexesofwhichtheyarepart.Similarly,theNationalBiodiversityConservationStrategydefinesbiodiversityas:thevarietyofalllifeforms-thediffe
8、rentplants,animalsandmicro-organisms,thegenestheycontain,andtheecosystemsofwhichtheyformapart.Biodiversityisusuallyconsideredonthreelevels.Thefirstoftheseisthediversityofent
