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1、上海师大附中2018届高三上学期开学考试英语试题Inanidealworld,peoplewouldnotperformexperimentsonanimals.Forthepeople,theyareexpensive.For theanimals,theyarestressfulandoftenpainful.Thatidealworld, 41 ,isstillsomewayaway.Peopleneednewdrugsandvaccines.Theywant 42 fromthe
2、toxicity(毒性)ofchemicals.Thesearchforbasicscientificanswersgoeson. 43 theEuropeanCommissionismovingaheadwithproposalsthatwill 44 thenumber ofanimalexperimentscarriedoutintheEuropeanUnion,byrequiringtoxicitytestsoneverychemical 45 for use
3、withintheunion'sbordersinthepast25years.Already,thecommissionhas 46 140,000chemicalsthathavenotyetbeentested.Itwants30,000ofthesetobeexaminedrightaway,andplanstospendbetween$4billion-$8billiondoingso.Thenumberofanimalsusedfortoxicity testinginEur
4、opewillthus,expertsreckon,quintuple (翻五倍）fromjustover1millionayeartoabout5,unlesstheyaresavedbysomedramatic 47 innon-animaltestingtechnology.Animalexperimentationwillthereforebearoundforsometime yet.Butthesearchforsubstitutescontinues.Agoodplacetos
5、tartfinding 48 fortoxicitytestsistheliver—theorganresponsibleforbreakingtoxic chemicalsdownintosafermoleculesthatcanthenbeeliminatedfrombody.Twofirms,onelargeandonesmall, toldthemeetinghowtheywereusinghumanlivercellsremovedincidentallyduringsurgery
6、totestvarioussubstancesforlong-termtoxiceffects.PrimeCyte,thesmallfirm,growsitscellsincultures(士音养基）overafewweeksanddosesthemregularly withthesubstanceunder 49 .Thecharacteristicsofthecellsarecarefully50 ,tolookforchangesintheir microanatomy
7、(组织学).Pfizer,thebigfirm,alsodosesitsculturesregularly,but ratherthanstudying 51 cellsindetail,itcountscellnumbers.Ifthenumberofcellsinaculturechangesafterasampleisadded,thatsuggeststhechemical 52 isbadfortheliver.Othertissues,too,canbetested 5
8、3 ofanimals.Epithelix,asmallfirminGeneva,hasdevelopedan 54 versionoftheliningofthelungs.AccordingtoHuangSong,oneofEpithelix'sresearchers,th
