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1、二、定语从句1.关系代词引导的定语从句功能作用用于限定性定语从句或非限定性定语从句只用于限定性从句代替人代替物代替人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whomwhichthat定语Whose(=ofwhom)Whose(=ofwhich)1)关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词Heisamanwho(/that)meanswhathesays.Thepeoplewhom(/that)youmetinthecampusyesterdayarefromEngland.Thebookwhich(/tha
2、t)youarereadingiswrittenbyacontemporaryAmericannovelist.Thebicyclethebrakeofwhichwasdamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.2)关系代词的省略作直接宾语时可以省略Theman(whom)yousawjustnowisourmanager.Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou?在“there+be”结构的从句中做主语的关系代词可以省略Thisistheonlybus(that)the
3、reistothatpark.【注意】关系代词放在介词后作宾语时，不能省略。但介词位于句尾时，关系代词可以省略。Thisisthegirlwithwhomheworked.(whom不可省)Thisisthegirl(whom)heworkedwith.3)如果关系代词紧跟在介词后面，不能用who或that,只能用which或whomThisisthequestionaboutwhichtheyhavehadsomuchdiscussioninthepastfewweeks.Thepeoplewithwh
4、omheworkedthoughtwasabitstrange.4)如果先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用thatHaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lihassaid?Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.Thereislittlethatcanbebelievedaboutit.5)如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first,last,any
5、,only,few,much,no,some,very等词修饰，引导限制性定语从句常用关系词thatItisthefirstAmericanmovieofthiskindthatI’veeverseen.ThisistheverygooddictionarythatIwanttobuy.Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.6）在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，作宾语用的代词也不能省略Thesunheatstheearth,
6、whichisveryimportanttous. Therearethirtystudentsintheclass,themajorityofwhomarefromthecity.7)as可用表语，同such,thesame连用，引导限定性定语从句；as也可单独使用，引导非限定性定语从句，相当于whichThetownisaboutthesamedistancefromNanjingasYangzhouis.Thequestionisverydifficult,as(/which)indeeditis
7、.2.关系副词引导定语从句关系副词也可以引导定语从句，并在从句中分别表示时间、地点或原因等，关系副词意思相当于“介词+which结构”。关系副词被替代的先行词在从句中的作用When(=at,inon,during,which)表示时间的名词时间状语Where(=in,at,which)表示地点的名词地点状语Why(forwhich)只有reason原因状语Hewillalwaysrememberthedaywhen(/onwhich)hisfatherreturnedfromAmerica.Idon’tk
8、nowthereasonwhy(/forwhich)hedidn’tcometothemeetingyesterdaymorning.that有时也可以代替关系副词when,where,how或why引导的定语从句，表示时间地点或原因，that可以省略Thisistheuniversitythat(/where)hestudiedat20yearsago.（注意这句用where时,后不可用at）Doyoustillrememb
