2019版高考英语大二轮复习第二部分阅读理解专题十四科普知识类阅读完形填空短文

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1、专题十四科普知识类阅读+完形填空+短文改错I.阅读理解（2018吉林长春二模）Sleeprepairsthebodyandthemindandhelpspreventdiseasebystrengtheningtheimmunesystem.However,manyaduItsdonotgeteighthoursofsleepeachnight.Theaveragesleeptimeanadulttodaygetsisonly6.4hours.Onlyinrecentyearshavehea1thprof

2、essionalsbeguntorealizetheseriousnessofsleepdeprivationintheworkingpopulation.Asignificantnumberofpeopleworkatnight,worklonghours,orsufferfromsleeplessnessorjetlag.Studiesshowthatthebrainisnegativelyaffectedbysieepdeprivationbecausecertainpatternsofelectr

3、icalandchemicalactivitythatoccurduringsleepareinterruptedandthebraincannotfunctionnornmlly.Inoneadultsubjects（实验对象）whousuallyhadnormalsieeppatternswerekeptawakeandstudy,thirteenhealthycarefullymonitoredina1abduringaperiodof35hours.Duringtheexperiment,thes

4、ubjectswereaskedtoperformseveraltasks,suchasmathematicsandwordproblems,whileundergoingscansoftheirbraineictivity.Theresearchersfoundthatthetemporallobe（颗口

5、Jofthebrain,theregioninvolvedinlanguageprocessing,wasactiveduringspeechtasksinrestedsubjectsbutnotin

6、subjectswholackedenoughsleep.Afterseveralhourswithoutsleep,therewasnoactivitywithinthisregion.Severalstudiesshowthatgettingfewerthansixhoursofsleepcandamageshorttermmemoryandreactiontime—thuscausingaseriousriskofaccident.Tnonestudyofdrivers,researchersre

7、portedthatsleepdeprivationhadthesameeffectsasbeingdrunk.Theyfoundthatpeoplewhodroveafterbeingawakefor17hoursperformedworsethanthosewithabloodalcohollevelof0.5percent,the]egallimitfordrunkdrivinginmostwesternEuropeancountries.Theresearchersconeludedthatcou

8、ntrieswithdrunkdrivinglawsshouldconsidersimilarrestrictionsagainstsleep-depriveddriving.研究表明睡眠剥夺对大脑活动有不利的影【语篇解读】本文介绍缺少睡眠给人带來的影响。响,它和醉酒有同样的危险性。1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deprivation”inthefirstparagraphmean?B.Loss.D.Pain.A.Weakness.C・Discomfort.解析

9、词义猜测题。根据

10、第一段中"Onlyinrecentyearshavehealthprofessionalsbeguntorealizetheseriousnessofsleepdeprivationintheworkingpopulation.”的关键词seriousness“严重”，可知是缺觉带来的严重性。画线词的意思是“缺少，损失”，故选B项。2・Thepassagementionsal1ofthefollowingascausesofs