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1、Chapter4:LowerFaceActionUnits–Up/DownActionsFigure4-1.Locationsoflowerfaceup/downactionunitsMuscularAnatomyMuscularActionTherearemanyActionUnitsresponsibleforthechangesintheappearanceofthelowerface.Theseunitscanbedividedintofivemajorgroupings.Thefirstmajorgroupof
2、ActionUnits,Up/Downs,movestheskinandfeaturesinthecenterofthefaceuptowardsthebrowordowntowardsthechin.ThesecondgroupofActionUnits,Horizontals,movetheskinandfeaturessidewaysstretchingfromcenterlineofthefaceouttowardstheears,orconverselypullinginfromtheouteredgestowar
3、dsthecenterline.ThethirdgroupofActionUnits,Obliques,pullinanangulardirectionfromthelipsupwardsandoutwardstowardsthecheekbone.ThefourthgroupofActionUnits,Orbitals,involvemuscleswhichrunFacialActionCodingSystem91LowerFaceActionUnits–Up/DownActionsaroundthemouthopenin
4、g,movingthelipsandskinadjacenttothemouth.ThefifthgroupinvolvesanumberofMiscel-laneousactions.Figure4-1showstheActionUnitsinthefirstgrouping,theUp/Downactions.TheMuscularAnatomyimageshowsthelocationoftheseActionUnits.IntheMuscularActionimage,recallthatthecircleindic
5、ateswherethemuscleemerges,whiletheotherendofthelineindicatesthepointofattachmenttothesofttissuesoftheface.Whenamuscleiscontracted,thepullisalwaystowardsthecirclewherethemuscleemerges,drawingthesofttissuetowardsthatpoint.WheneachActionUnitisdescribed,referbacktothes
6、ediagramsinFigure4-1.Thediagramshelpyoutounderstandhowtheactionoccurs,whyfacialappearancechangesinthewayitdoes,andhowtomakethatmovementoccuronyourownface.AU9,theNoseWrinkler,isthefirstActionUnitdescribed.ItandAU10,theupperlipraiser,bothpullupwardsonthemedialpartoft
7、helowerface.ThenextAUexplained,AU17,theChinRaiser,pushesthechinupwards.AU15,theLipCornerDepressor,pullsthelipcornersdown.NextareAUs25,26and27,whichdescribethepartingofthelipsandtheopeningofthejaw.(Whenthelipsareclosed,noAUnumberisgiven,andtheclosureisinferredfromth
8、eabsenceofascore.)AU25indicatesthatthelipsareparted;AU26indicatesthatthejawisdroppedopenbyrelaxation;AU27indi-catesthejawispulledandstretchedopen
