UNEP Training Manual on International Environmental Law.pdf

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1、UNEPTrainingManualonInternationalEnvironmentalLawFOREWORDToday’sworldisfacinganunprecedentedenvironmentalcrisis.DeteriorationoftheEarth’senvironmentincreasinglythreatensthenaturalresourcebaseandprocessesuponwhichalllifeonEarthdepends.Withoutstrongandmultifacetedacti

2、onbyallofus,thebiospheremaybecomeunabletosustainhumanlifeandfuturegenerationswillsufferdeprivationandhardshipunlesscurrentpatternsofproduction,consumptionandwastemanagementdramaticallychange.TheurgencyofbalancingdevelopmentwiththeEarth’slifesupportsystemsisbeingfina

3、llyrecognizedandunderstood.Nowitistimetoactuponthisunderstanding.Itiswidelyrecognizedthatmostenvironmentalproblems,challengesandsolutionsaretransboundary,regionalorglobalinscope.Theenvironmentisanareawherestatesandstakeholdersarecooperatingextensivelyandprogressivel

4、y.Althoughenvironmentaldegradationandcompetitionforscarceresourcesarepotentialsourcesforconflict,historyhasrepeatedlyshownthattheyaremoreoftencatalystsforcooperation.Problemsofsharedresourcesregularlyproducesharedsolutions.Theenvironmentcanmakeitsfullandrightfulcont

5、ributiontopeaceandstabilityintheworld.Worldwidecommitmentsarenecessarytoprotectenvironmentalfeaturessuchasthebiosphereincludingtheozonelayer,migratoryspecies,habitatsandecosystems.Controlofmovementofwastes,environmentallyharmfulactivitiesandinstallationscanonlybeach

6、ievedbycommonandwidelyappliedstandards.Environmentallawisrecognizedasaneffectivetoolforcatalyzingnationalandinternationalactiontoachievesuchprotectionandcontrol.AsoneofUNEP’spriorityareas,environmentallawhasexpandedrapidlyoverthelastdecadesandtodaycompriseshundredso

7、fglobalandregionalnormsthataimtoprotectourEarth.Withoutanalyzingeachofthehundredsofagreementsandinstrumentsinthefield,thisTrainingManualseekstoprovideacomprehensiveoverviewofthecurrentbodyofenvironmentallaw.Itisaimedatlegalstakeholdersfromallbackgroundsincludinggove

8、rnmentrepresentatives,judges,universityprofessorsandstudentsfrombothdevelopedanddevelopingcountries,toenablethemtomoreeffectivelyparticipa