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ID:34130666
大小:703.96 KB
页数:148页
时间:2019-03-03
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1、CHAPTER2TheDataofMacroeconomicsQuestionsforReview1.GDPmeasuresboththetotalincomeofeveryoneintheeconomyandthetotalexpendi-tureontheeconomy’soutputofgoodsandservices.GDPcanmeasuretwothingsatoncebecausebotharereallythesamething:foraneconomyasawhole,incomemustequal
2、expenditure.Asthecircularflowdiagraminthetextillustrates,thesearealter-native,equivalentwaysofmeasuringtheflowofdollarsintheeconomy.2.Theconsumerpriceindexmeasurestheoveralllevelofpricesintheeconomy.Ittellsusthepriceofafixedbasketofgoodsrelativetothepriceofthes
3、amebasketinthebaseyear.3.TheBureauofLaborStatisticsclassifieseachpersonintooneofthefollowingthreecat-egories:employed,unemployed,ornotinthelaborforce.Theunemploymentrate,whichisthepercentageofthelaborforcethatisunemployed,iscomputedasfollows:NumberofUnemployed×
4、100UnemploymentRate=.LaborForceNotethatthelaborforceisthenumberofpeopleemployedplusthenumberofpeopleunemployed.4.Okun’slawreferstothenegativerelationshipthatexistsbetweenunemploymentandrealGDP.Employedworkershelpproducegoodsandserviceswhereasunemployedworkersdo
5、not.IncreasesintheunemploymentratearethereforeassociatedwithdecreasesinrealGDP.Okun’slawcanbesummarizedbytheequation:%∆RealGDP=3%–2×(∆UnemploymentRate).Thatis,ifunemploymentdoesnotchange,thegrowthrateofrealGDPis3percent.Foreverypercentage-pointchangeinunemploym
6、ent(forexample,afallfrom6percentto5percent,oranincreasefrom6percentto7percent),outputchangesby2percentintheoppositedirection.ProblemsandApplications1.Alargenumberofeconomicstatisticsarereleasedregularly.Theseincludethefollow-ing:GrossDomesticProduct—themarketva
7、lueofallfinalgoodsandservicesproducedinayear.TheUnemploymentRate—thepercentageofthecivilianlaborforcewhodonothaveajob.CorporateProfits—theaccountingprofitsremainingaftertaxesofallmanufacturingcorporations.Itgivesanindicationofthegeneralfinancialhealthofthecorpo
8、ratesec-tor.TheConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)—ameasureoftheaveragepricethatconsumerspayforthegoodstheybuy;changesintheCPIareameasureofinflation.TheTradeBalance—thedifferencebetween
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