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1、作物学报ACTAAGRONOMICASINICA2010,36(9):1578−1584http://www.chinacrops.org/zwxb/ISSN0496-3490;CODENTSHPA9E-mail:xbzw@chinajournal.net.cnDOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2010.01578氮素实时管理对冬小麦产量和氮素利用的影响1,212223叶优良黄玉芳刘春生曲日涛宋海燕崔振岭12河南农业大学资源与环境学院/河南省高校资源与环境工程技术研究中心,河南郑州450002;山东农业大学资源
2、与环境学院,山3东泰安271018;中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193摘要:为实现氮素效率和小麦产量的协同提高,以山东省泰安市和兖州市为试验地点,连续2年在4个田块上进行了基于土壤硝态氮测试的氮素实时管理试验。与农民习惯施肥相比,优化施氮处理提高产量0.87%~10.44%,平均5.82%;而氮肥用量减少38.61%~53.29%,平均46.70%;氮素吸收效率、氮素表观利用率和氮素农学效率分别增加36.67%~85.69%、58.49%~267.69%和34.16%~410.58%;氮肥偏生产力升高74.23
3、%~124.87%;产/投比提高78.50%~112.09%。说明应用土壤硝态氮测试进行小麦氮肥实时实地管理达到了减少氮肥用量,提高氮素利用效率,增加产量和经济效益的目的。关键词:小麦;硝态氮;产量;氮素利用率Effectofin-SeasonNitrogenManagementonGrainYieldandNitrogenUseEfficiencyinWheat1,212223YEYou-Liang,HUANGYu-Fang,LIUChun-Sheng,QURi-Tao,SONGHai-Yan,andCUIZhen-L
4、ing1CollegeofResourcesandEnvironment,HenanAgriculturalUniversity/EngineeringResearchCenterofAgriculturalResourcesandEnvironment,2CollegesandUniversitiesofHenanProvince,Zhengzhou450002,China;CollegeofResourcesandEnvironment,ShandongAgriculturalUniversity,3Tai’an27
5、1018,China;CollegeofResourcesandEnvironment,ChinaAgriculturalUniversity,Beijing100193,ChinaAbstract:Heavynitrogen(N)fertilizationistraditionallyacceptedbyfarmersinhigh-yieldingwheat(TriticumaestivumL.)pro-duction.ThisfertilizationstrategynotonlyresultsinlowNuseef
6、ficiencyandenvironmentalpollutionbutalsorestrictstoachievehighyieldpotentialsofwheatcultivars.Site-specificNmanagementisbasedonanin-seasonassessmentofnitratenitrogen−(NO3-N)insoilandtherequiredNquantityofwheat.AlthoughtheoptimalNapplicationrateduringwheatgrowthpe
7、riodhasbeenwidelystudied,includingin-seasonNfertilizationmanagement,thereisnoanapplicablefertilizationschemebasedon−−1NO3-Nmonitoringforwheatfieldswithyieldhigherthan7500kgha.Inthisstudy,fourlocationsfromtypicalhigh-yieldingregionsinTai’anandYanzhouofShangdongpro
8、vince,Chinawereselectedasexperimentalsites,andlocalwheatcultivarswereplantedfortreatmentsofin-seasonoptimizedNmanagement(OPT)andfarmer’straditionalfertilizatio
