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1、中国生态农业学报2009年3月第17卷第2期ChineseJournalofEco-Agriculture,March2009,17(2):261−265DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1011.2009.00261*不同灌水方式下番茄节水高产机理研究1,22**221王燕蔡焕杰陈新明郑健冀宏(1.兰州理工大学流体学院兰州730050;2.西北农林科技大学水建学院杨凌712100)摘要本文研究了无压灌、滴灌与沟灌3种灌水方式对番茄光合生理指标、根系吸导水能力、产量与水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,“少量多次”
2、的无压灌下植物根系导水率高于滴灌与沟灌灌水方式,无压灌能够通过调节作物根区土壤水分状况,提高作物根系吸水能力,使作物根区土壤水分保持在最适宜作物生长的范围内。无压灌和滴灌的番茄叶绿素总量比沟灌分别提高了16.2%和12.8%;相对沟灌,无压灌和滴灌减小了气孔导度和蒸腾失水,而未降低光合速率,单叶水分利用效率分别提高51.3%和17.2%。投入、产出和效率综合评判表明,无压灌的经济效益最好,滴灌次之,沟灌最差。关键词番茄灌水方式无压灌光合生理根系吸水力水分利用效率中图分类号:S275.4文献标识码:A文章编号:
3、1671-3990(2009)02-0261-05Water-savingandhigh-yieldmechanismoftomatounderdifferentirrigationmethods1,22221WANGYan,CAIHuan-Jie,CHENXin-Ming,ZHENGJian,JIHong(1.CollegeofFluidPower&Control,LanzhouUniversityofTechnology,Lanzhou730050,China;2.CollegeofWaterResour
4、cesandArchitecturalEngineering,NorthwestA&FUniversity,Yangling712100,China)AbstractTheobjectiveofthisarticlewastostudytheeffectofdifferentirrigationmethods(non-pressuresubsurfaceirrigation,dripirrigationandfurrowirrigation)onphotosyntheticphysiology,yield,w
5、ateruseefficiencyandroothydraulicconductanceoftomato.Theresultsshowhigherroothydraulicconductanceoftomatoundernon-pressuresubsurfaceirrigation(characterizedaslesswaterformanyirrigationtimes)thanunderdripandfurrowirrigations.Non-pressuresubsurfaceirrigationa
6、djustsroot-zonesoilmoisturetoasuitablerangeforcropgrowthwhichimprovescropwaterabsorptioncapacity.Comparedtofurrowirrigation,non-pressuresubsurfaceanddripirrigationsrespectivelyincreasetomatochlorophyllcontentby16.2%and12.8%,reducesstomatalconductanceandtran
7、spirationdehydration,maintainrelativelystablephotosyntheticrateandincreaseWUEby51.3%and17.2%.Acomprehensiveevluationofinvestmentandoutputindicatesthatnon-pressuresubsurfaceirrigationhasthehighestbenefits,followedbydripirrigationwhilefurrowirrigationisthelow
8、est.KeywordsTomato,Irrigationmethod,Non-pressuresubsurfaceirrigation,Photosyntheticphysiology,Roothydrauliccon-ductance,Wateruseefficiency(ReceivedApril7,2008;acceptedJuly21,2008)设施农业作为解决冬春蔬菜短缺的最好途径,熟、
