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1、Chapter4ResinChemistryLouisPilatoAbstractDuringtheensuingyearssincethelastphenolicresinsbookwaspub-lished,manynewandremarkabledevelopmentshaveoccurredintherealmofphenolicchemistryandaregiveninthischapter.Acriticalexaminationofthefirststeporadditionstep(methylolation
2、)inthepreparationofresolesisdescribedandhowitcanbecontrolledandcomparedwiththetypicalresoleresinpreparations.Itprovidesavisionintothepreparationofmineralwool/glassinsulationresinsandwaystominimizetheundesirabledimer/oligomerformation.Differentreactivitiesofthecommo
3、nmethylolatedphenolsandphenolareranked,andtheirresultingreactivitiesdifferdependingonwhetherformaldehydeispresentorabsentinthemethylolatedphenols.UseoforganicbasessuchastriethylamineindicatesthatamuchfasterreactionofFwithPoccursascomparedtotheuseofNaOHundersimilarc
4、onditions,andprimarilyorthodirectedintermediate2-methylolphenolisobtained.FurthermoremethyleneetherlinkagesresultinthefinalTEAresole.BisphenolF,thesimplestoligomerofphenolicnovolak,continuestoelicitconsiderableactivityrelatedtoimprovedandeconomicalsyntheticpreparati
5、vemethods.Aunique,novelnovolakprocessinvolvingheterogeneous/twophasemethodknownasthePAPSprocessisdiscussedalongwithseveralfeaturesandfavorablecomparisonswithexistingnovolaks.FeaturessuchasnarrowMWD,highyield,lowfreephenol,andrapidreactionfavorthisnewprocess.Current
6、marketsthatarerespondingtoPAPSnovolaksarephotoresistsandnovolakcuringagentsforepoxyresins.Nanotechnologyisbeingappliedtoresolesandnovolaksaswellasthecloselyrelatedphenolicmaterialssuchascyanateestersandbenzoxazines.WithverysmallL.PilatoPilatoConsulting,BoundBrook,N
7、J08805,USAe-mail:pilato-consulting@att.netL.Pilato(ed.),PhenolicResins:ACenturyofProgress,41DOI10.1007/978-3-642-04714-5_4,#Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg201042L.Pilatoamountsofnanoparticles(5%),thesephenolicmaterialsaresignificantly“upgraded”withresultingnanomodi
8、fiedphenolicsexhibitinghigherheatstrength,highermodulus,Tg,etc.,withmanyoftheseresincharacteristicscarryingoverintofiberreinforcedcomposites.Anewph
