comprehensive analytical chemistry.pdf

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1、Chapter1OverviewSatinderAhuja1.1INTRODUCTIONModernanalyticalchemistrygenerallyrequirespreciseanalyticalmeasurementsatverylowconcentrations,withavarietyofinstru-ments.Frequently,high-resolutionseparationshavetobeachievedwithselectivechromatographicmet

2、hodspriortoanalyticaldetermina-tions[1,2].Therefore,theknowledgeofinstrumentationusedinchemi-calanalysistodayisofparamountimportancetoassurefutureprogressinvariousfieldsofscientificendeavor.Thisincludesvariousdisciplinesofchemistrysuchasbiochemistry,ph

3、armaceuticalchemistry,medic-inalchemistry,biotechnology,andenvironmentalsciences.Instru-mentscanbeoperatedbyavarietyofpeopleinindustry,government,oracademicfields,withawiderangeofeducationalbackgrounds.Theoptimalusageofinstrumentationwithmoremeaningfu

4、ldatagenera-tionthatcanbeinterpretedreliablyispossibleonlywiththeimprovedknowledgeoftheprinciplesoftheinstrumentationsusedformeasure-mentaswellasthoseutilizedtoachievevariousseparations.Thisbookcoversthefundamentalsofinstrumentationaswellastheapplica

5、tionsthatshouldleadtobetterutilizationofinstrumentationbyallscientistswhoplantoworkindiversescientificlaboratories.Itshouldserveasaneducationaltoolaswellasafirstreferencebookforthepracticinginstrumentalanalyst.Thistexthasbeenbroadlyclassifiedintothefoll

6、owingareas:Generalinformation(sampling/samplepreparationandbasicproperties)SpectroscopicmethodsChromatographicmethodsElectrophoreticandelectrochemicalmethodsComprehensiveAnalyticalChemistry47S.AhujaandN.Jespersen(Eds)Volume47ISSN:0166-526XDOI:10.1016

7、/S0166-526X(06)47001-Xr2006ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.1S.AhujaCombinationofchromatographicandspectroscopicmethods,anduniquedetectorsProblemsolvingandguidelinesformethodselection.Toprovideaconciseoverviewofthisbook,thecontentsofvariouschaptersarehi

8、ghlightedbelow.Alsoincludedhereisanadditionalin-formationthatwillhelptoroundoutthebackgroundinformationtofacilitatetheperformanceofmoderninstrumentalanalysis.1.2SAMPLINGANDSAMPLEPREPARATIONPriortoperformanceofanyanalysis,itisimportanttoobtainarep-res