英语国家概况名词解释复习范围

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1、英语国家概况名词解释复习范］韦I1.Puritanism:清教徒主义PuritanswerethosewhofollowedthedoctrineofJonhCalvinandwantedtopurifytheChurchofEngland.TheybelievethathumanbeingswerepredestinedbyGodbeforetheywereborn.SomewereGod'schosenpeoplewhileothersweredamnedtohell.Nochurchnorgoodworkscouldsavepeople.The

2、signofbeingGod，selectwasthesuccessinhisworkortheprosperityinhiscalling・TheyalsoarguedthateveryonemustreadtheBibleinordertofindGod，swil1andestablishadirectcontactwithGod.ThesebeliefshadgreatimpactonAmericanculture.2.TheDeclarationofIndependence:独立宣言TheDeclarationofIndependencewa

3、smainlydraftedbyThomasJeffersonandadoptedbytheCongressonJuly4，1776,wherethepeopleof13EnglishcoloniesinNorthAmericawerefightingfortheirfreedomandindependencefromtheBritishcolonialrule.Thedocumentdeclaredthatallmenwereequalandthattheywereentitledtohavesomeunalienablerightssuchas1

4、ife,libertyandthepursuitofhappiness・Italsoexplainedthephilosophyofgovernment:thepowersofgovernmentscamefromtheconsentofthegovernedandthepurposeofgovernmentsweretosecuretherightsmentionedabove-ThetheoryofpolitiesandtheguidingprinciplesoftheAmericanRevolutionmainlycamefromJohnLoc

5、k・3.GeorgeWashington:GeorgeWashingtonwasoneofthefoundingfathersoftheAmericanRepublic.HewastheCommander-in-chiefoftheContinentalArmyintheWarofIndependenceagainsttheBritishcolonialruleandthefirstPresidentoftheUnitedStates・4.WASP：TheearlyimmigrantsweregenerallyknownastheWhiteAnglo

6、-SaxonProtestantsbecausemostofthembelievedintheprotestantchurch.Theyplayedthemainroleinthefoundingofthe13coloniesandestablishedtherulingpositionoftheirEnglishlanguage・TheytransplantedEnglishvaluesandtraditionstothecolonicsandplayedthedecisiveroleinwinningindependencefromEngland

7、・Todayitisestimatedthatabout33%ofAmericansareofBritishorigin.5.ThreeFaithsintheUS:Bythe1950,s,thethreefaithsmodelofAmericanreligionhaddeveloped・Americanwereconsideredtocomeinthreebasicvarieties:protestants,CatholicandJewish.Intermsofnumbers,theProtestantsarethestrongest,theCath

8、olicaarenexttotheProtestantsandtheJewisharethesmallest