微生物期末精品复习小抄版（复旦大学）英文单词-分章节

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1、微生物学简史Microscope显微镜Antonyvanleeuwenhoek吕文虎克LouisPasteur巴斯德JosephLister李斯德RobertKoch郭霍Kochpostulate郭霍法则molecularKochpostulate分子郭霍法则细菌形态与结构Bacterium细菌Coccus球菌Diplococcus双球菌Bacillus杆菌Spiralbacterium螺型菌Vibrio弧菌Spirillum螺菌Polymorphism多形性Cellwall细胞壁Peptidoglycan肽聚糖Muc

2、opeptide粘肽Glycopeptide糖肽Murein胞壁质N-acetylmuramicacid,NAM7-乙酰胞壁酸N-acety1g1ucosamino,NAG7-乙酰葡糖胺Diaminopimelicacid,DAP二氨基庚二酸Teichoicacid磷壁酸Ribitol核糖醇LipoteichoicacidLTA脂磷壁酸Outermembrane外膜LipopolysaccharideLPS脂多糖LipidA脂质ALysozyme溶菌酶Protoplast原生质体Spheroplast圆球体Bactir

3、ialLform细菌L形Cytoplasmicmembrane细胞膜Mesosome中介体Cytoplasm细胞质Ribosome核糖体Plasmid质粒Inclusion内含物Metachromaticgranule异染颗粒Volutin纤回体Nuclearmaterial核质Nucleoid拟核Capsule荚膜Microcapsule微荚膜Slimelayer黏液层Smoothcolony光滑型菌落Mucoidcolony黏液型菌落Roughcolony粗糙型菌落Flagellum鞭毛Pilus(fimbria)

4、菌毛Commonpilus普通菌毛Sexpilus性菌毛Fertility致育性Spore芽抱Endospore内芽抱Vegetativeform繁殖体Sporewall芽抱壁Cortex皮质层Coat芽抱壳Exosporium芽泡外衣Lightmicroscope光学显微镜Electronmicroscope电子显微镜Darkmicroscope暗视野显微镜Gramstain革兰染色法细菌生理Bacterialmetabolism细菌代谢Obiigateaerobe专性需氧菌Microaerophilicbacter

5、ium微需氧菌Facultativeanaerobe兼性厌氧菌Obligateanaerobe专性厌氧菌SuperoxidedismutaseSOD超氧化物歧化酶Catalase触酶Peroxidase过氧化物酶Binaryfission二分裂法Growthcurve生长曲线Lagphase迟晚期Logarithmicphase对数生长期Stationaryphase稳定期Declinephase衰亡期Autotroph自养菌Heterotroph异养菌Saprophyte腐生菌Permease通透酶Fermentat

6、ion发酵Pyrogen热原质Antibiotic抗生素Exotoxin外毒素Endotoxin内毒素Bacteriocin细菌素Culturemedium培养基Basalmedium基础培养基Nutrientmedium营养培养基Selectivemedium选择性培养基Differentmedium鉴别培养基Anaerobicmedium厌养培养基Cookedmeatmedium庖肉培养基Colony菌落，克隆Pureculture纯培养Agar琼脂细菌遗传和变异Heredity遗传Variation变异Genot

7、ype基因型Phenotype表型Chromosome染色体Replicationfork复制叉Leadingstrand前导链Laggingstrand随从链Semiconservative半保留复制replicationPlasmid质粒Conjugativeplasmid接合性质粒Non-conjugativoplasmid非接合性质粒Curing消失Fertilityplasmid致育性质粒，F质粒Resistanceplasmid耐药性质粒，R质粒Colicinogenicplasmid大肠杆菌定居原性质粒，

8、Col质粒Viruleneeplasmid毒力质粒，V质粒Episome附加子Compatibility相容性Incompatibility不相容性Transposableelement转位因子Transposase转位酶InsertionsequeneeIS插入序列TransposonTN转座子Bacteriophagephag