教案5：翻译的过程

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1、TheProcessofTranslation翻译的过程LHatim&Mason'sView:Hatim&Masonstatesintheirbook"DiscourseandTheTranslator^:“Aidstotranslatorsareimprovingallthetime,butthebasicproblemsfacedbytranslatorsintheirworkremainthesame.Inbroadandgeneralterms,thesecanbelistedasfollows:(1)Comprehensionofsourcetext:(a)

2、parsingoftext(grammarandlexis)(b)accesstospecialisedknowledge(c)accesstointendedmeaning(2)Transferofmeaning(a)relayinglexicalmeaning(b)relayinggrammaticalmeaning(c)relayingrhetoricalmeaning,includingimpliedorinferrablemeaning,forpotentialreaders.(3)Assessmentoftargettext:(a)readability(

3、b)conformingtogenericanddiscoursalconventions(c)judgingadequacyoftranslationforspecifiedpurpose：(2001:21)2.PeterNewmark'sView：thelevelofnaturalness1•文本层次(theSLtextlevel)——指原文的字面意思。例如:(1)Youflatterme.原译：你拍我马屁。改译：您过奖了。(1)画上是儿个中国美女。原译：TherearesomeChinesebeautifulgirlsonthepicture.改译：Therea

4、resomebeautifulChinesegirlsinthepicture.2.所指层次(thereferentiallevel)指译者对原文所指意义的把握。例如：Heislyingonhisback.误译：他仰卧着在他的背上。正译：他仰卧着。3•粘着层次(thecohesivelevel)指语篇中句子间的衔接。例如：(1)口杨不是平凡的树。它在西北极普遍，不被人重视，就跟北方农民相似；它有极强的生命力，磨折不了，压迫不倒，也跟北方的农民相似。(茅盾：《白杨礼赞》)译文：Whitepoplarsarenoordinarytrees.Butthesecommontr

5、eesinNorthwestChinaareasmuchignoredasourpeasantsintheNorth.However,likeourpeasantsintheNorth,theyareburstingwithvitalityandcapableofsurvivinganyhardshiporoppression.(张培基译)(2)Hetookouthiskeyandopenedthedoor,andweallwenttoastonehall,bare,gloomy,andalittleused.(CharlesDickens:GreatExpectat

6、ions)译文:他取出钥匙开了门，大家跟着走进一间石头砌成的大厅，里面空无人物，阴森森的，看来平时绝少有人。4•自然层次(thelevelofnaturalness)指译文行文的基本标准。例如：(1)Babiessatisfactorilyborn.原译：孩子们令人满意地降生了。改译：孩子已生，一切顺利。(2)他于1964年生于上海。原译：Hewasbornin1960inShanghai.改译：HewasborninShanghaiin1960.3・EugeneA.Nida'sView尤金奈达(E遽eiwNida)认为:翻译的本质是两种语言之间的信息转换,这种转换既

7、是文化交流的过程,又是语言再创造的过程,这一过程犹如一环扣一环的思维过程.他在TheTheotyandPracticeofTranslation中把这个过程划分成分析、转换、重建三个阶段:尤金•奈达0加73认为「翻译的本质是两种语吉之间的信息转换.这种转换既是文化交流的过程•又是岁言再创造的过程.述:一过程犹如一环扣二环的思维过他在HwTheory»ndPr^cfic^ofTntnslution中把这个过再划分成分析.转换、重建三个阶段：A(Source)B(Receptor)(Analysis)(Restructuring)X(Transfer)A