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1、第21讲：段落写作一、复习提问段落结构分析二、新课讲解第一节段落简介1段落段落是构成文章的一组句子。段落必须表达完整的意思：或描写事物(describesomething),或争论某事(argueaboutsomething),或对某事提出疑问(questionsomething),或要求什么(demandsomething),或给事物卜定义(definesomething),或驳斥某观点(rejectsomething)。1.2典型段落的构成一个典型的段落通常由三部分组成:(1)主题句(thetopicsentence)；(2)说明或支持主题的扩展句(supportings
2、entences)；(3)结论句(theconcludingsentence)(有些段落没有该部分)。示范段落1-1Weallknowthatcigarettesmokingisadangeroushabitbecauseitcauseshealthproblems.Doctorssayitcanbeadirectcauseofcancerofthelungsandthroatandcanalsocontributetocancerofotherorgans.Inaddition,itcanbringaboutotherhealthproblemssuchasheartand
3、lungdiseases.Itisclearlyidentifiedasoneofthechiefcausesofdeathinoursociety.1.3示范段落分析这是一个典型的段落，可概括提纲如下：主题句:Weallknowthatcigarettesmokingisadangeroushabit,becauseitcauseshealthproblems.扩“展句:1•Doctorssayitcanbeadireccauseofcancerofthelungsandthroatandcanalsocontributetocancerofotherorgans-2・It
4、canbringaboutotherhealthproblemssuchasheartandlungdiseases.结论句：Itisclearlyidentifiedasoneofthechiefcausesofdeathinoursociety・从以上提纲可见，主题句提出了一个问题：Whatkindofhealthproblemsdoescigarettesmokingcause?随后的两个扩展句冋答了这个问题，结论句总结了扩展句并再一次强调主题句。Exercise1-1Directions：Readthefollowingparagraphsandfindoutthet
5、opicsentence,thesupportingdetailsandtheconcludingsentence,ifthereisone.(1)Theneedforwildlifeprotectionisgreaternowthaneverbefore・Aboutathousandspeciesofanimalsareindangerofextinction,,andtherateatwhichtheyarebeingdestroyedhasincreased.Withmammals,forinstance,therateofextinctionisnowaboutone
6、specieseveryyear；fromA.D.1to1800»theratewasaboutonespecieseveryfiftyyears・Everywhere,menaretryingosolvetheproblemofpreservingwildlifewhilecaringatthesametimefortheworld，sgrowingpopulation.TopicSentence:Details：1.1.ConcludingSentence:(2)TheAmericansandtheBritishnotonlyspeakthesamelanguagebut
7、alsosharealargenumberofsocialcustoms.Forexample,inbothAmericaandEngland,peopleshakehandswhentheymeeteachotherforthefirsttime.Also,mostEnglishmenwillopenadoorforawomanoroffertheirseattoawoman,andsowillmostAmericans.PromptnessisimportantbothinEnglandandinA
