《生物信息学》实验教学安排：

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1、ExperimentsinBioinformatics(《生物信息学》实验指导)ExperimentsinBioinformaticsEditedbyLongjiangFanExperiment1.ConstructionofGeneticMapsExperiment2.AnalysisofDNASequenceExperiment3.AnalysisofProteinSequenceExperiment4.MultipleSequenceAlignmentsExperiment5.AnalysisofGeneFunct

2、ionLastupdated:2002/1/16ExperimentsinBioinformatics(《生物信息学》实验指导)Experiment1.ConstructionofGeneticMaps（2学时）THEPURPOSEAbout400-1000basescanbeenreadinasequencingrunwiththemostmodernsequencerandsequencingprojects,suchasthehumangenomeproject(HGP),havepresentedmanychal

3、lengesforsequenceassemblybecauseofthesizeandcomplexityoftheirgenomes.So,constructionofalandmarkmapofwholegenomeisessentialfortheaccurateassemblyofaspecialgenome.Genetic(linkage)mapsarethosebasic“landmarkmap”.InHGP,“foursheetsofmap”areitsmaintarget,i.e.geneticmap,

4、physicalmap,sequencemapandgenesmap.Furthermore,geneticmapsareimportantforplantbreeding,geneticdiseaseresearchandthelike.QTL(QuantitativeTraitsLoci)mappingissucheffortsofconstructionofgeneticmaps.Manygenesresponsibleforpolygenicinheritanceofparticularcharacteristi

5、csarescatteredaroundthegenome.Theirpositionsareknownasquantitativetraitsloci(QTL).Itisusefultoknowwheretheyareformedicalandagriculturalreasons.Inthecaseofanimalandplantbreedingitwouldbeusefultoidentifyyoungindividualswithfavorablealleleswithoutwaitingfortheirexpr

6、essionatmaturity.Theprocedureinbreedingsituationsistotakeinbredlinesthatdifferinthetraitofinterest,andalsovariesformarkers[typicallyvariablenumbertandemrepeats(VNTRs)]atnumerousprobesites.TheyarecrossedandboththeF2progenyandlatergenerationsareexaminedforthedesire

7、dtraitandforthevariationsattheprobesites.Ifthepresenceofthetraitcorrelateswithinheritanceofaparticularmarkerallele,itislikelythatoneormoregenesaffectingthetraitislocatedontheDNAclosetothatmarker.Thesameprocedurecanbefollowedinhumanfamilies,particularlyfordiseases

8、usceptibilityloci,butismorecomplicatedanddifficultbecausethefamilysizesaresmaller.Theusualcaseisthatoneortwogenescausemostofthevariation,andthereareincreasingl