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1、ONTHEROADAGAIN…FinalDestination–QuantumMechanicsTakingtheTripFromClassicalPhysicstoQuantumMechanicsWhatisQuantumMechanicsonemayask?Well,inanutshell,quantummechanicsis:TheFUNdamentalbranchofphysicsreplacingclassicalNewtonianMechanicsandElectromagnetismattheatomicandsubatomiclevels.Qu
2、antummechanicsprovidesexplanationsformanyphenomenathatareunattainablethroughclassicalmechanicsNamely:quantization,wave–particleduality,theuncertaintyprinciple,quantumentanglementDon’tbefooled,thiswillbenoshorttrip…Quantumtheoryideasdidnotoriginateovernight.Therewerenumerousexperimen
3、tsandobservedphenomenathateventuallyledtothismodernwayofthought.ThemovefromGeneralRelativitytoQuantummechanicsisahugestep,sincethetwotheoriesseeminglycontradicteachother.Thetwofundamentalissuesyieldingthiscontradictionare;Classicalisessentiallyadeterministicapproachwhilequantummecha
4、nicsisessentiallyindeterministicGeneralrelativityreliesmainlyongravitywhilequantummechanicsreliesonthreefundamentalforces,thestrong,weak,andelectromagnetic.(thoughtheseforcesareimperativeinQuantumTheory,wewillleaveoutadiscussionofthemhere,fortheywillbecoveredinalatterpresentation)Fo
5、rtheremainder..Wewilllookatthemajorplayersontheroadtothediscoveryanddevelopmentofthiswayofthought.)Whyarewegoinghere?Twofundamentaldiscrepanciesbetweenexperimentalobservationsandclassicalphysicswerenoticedinthelate1800’s.Thesetwodiscrepancies(namely–theultravioletcatastropheandthedi
6、scretespectrallinephenomena)causedscientisttore-examineseveralestablishedideasandarriveatanewwayofthought.EVERYONEJUMPINTHEVAN!We’rehittintheroad!Problem1:EnergyandBlackbodyradiationIntro;AblackbodyisasurfacewhichabsorbsallradiationandatagiventemperatureT,canalsoemitradiationThus,us
7、ingtheρ(λ,T)energyfunction,holdingTconstant,theindividualwavelengthsλoftheradiationcanbeanalyzedAttheturnofthe20thcentury,thisinfactwasdoneandtheobservationswerefirstrecordedbyOttoLummerandErnstPringsheimandthenagainthefollowingyearbyHeinrichRubensandFerdinandKurlbaumTheresultsgathe
8、redareshowninthefol
