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1、曾国藩（ZengGuofan）Thebagtiltedbehind,likeducks,walkingalongthesideoftheprimaryschoolstudents,onthewaytotherichchurch,metseveraldials.ShuangfengCountytownoflotusleafspringrain,sweetair,wickercageoutoftendermountainsinthemist,ZengGuofanhundredyearsafterXi
2、angxiangisstillfarming.AtthebeginningofJuly1875,"theLondonDaily"reportedthattheBeijingcorrespondent:EducationintheQingDynastybeganverysoonafterthechildren.Onthestreet,youcanseeyounglittleboyswhogotoschoolwithafullbagofbooks.Theirbagsareusuallyjustabl
3、ueclothbag.TheBritishreportervisitedasmallvillageschoolwithanewcypresscoffin,coveredwithredpaper,write"Hi"totakethemeaningofpromotion.Allthechildrenshoutedtheirbiggestvoicesatthesamemoment,andthepurposewastorecitethetextbeingrecited.Theyarereadingthe
4、classicsoftheQingDynasty,suchastheworksofMengZi.Imagine,inadark,dankroominavillageschool,thatchildrenarereadingthewritingsofPlaton,Homerandothersandmemorizethembymemory......Thepromotionofthepathistogainfameandfortune,wasnot,intheQingDynastyandinever
5、ybite,lyingontheClayovenrollsthedeedsofthosenotesandletters.Theexamination,thescholar,Juren.BamboopavilionparkonceLinbook17timestheprovinciallife,finallyonlysonZengGuofanayearearliertotestinthe"quasischolar"(forstudents).ForZengGuofanattheageof24inth
6、eprovince,YueluAcademy.ShengandscholarstoBeijingexamtogetfame.JapanesesinologistNaitoKonanshowsapictureinthe"YanshanBeijingChu"inwater:about9,10smallrooms,4squarefoothomelikearow,atotalofmorethan100rows,canaccommodatemorethan10thousandprovincestothes
7、cholarortree.Eachnestonthreesidesbyroughbrick,onesideopen,theexamineewithcurtainhung.Theexaminationlastedfor9days,every3daysas"onesubject",andwithin3days,onestepwasnotallowedtocomeout.Oftenthereisoldage,inwhichlifeanddeatharetested.IntheQingDynasty,a
8、manwhospentyearsofefforts,adheretotheexamattheageof80,hewillbeawardedthehonoroftheemperor.Butastheircareerworks,intheeyesofthereporter,"whichcontainsnumerousworks,areinsomevaguerhetoricpileduparticles".ZengGuofanwroteacouplet:"fathers,sonsofpastoralt
