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1、第22卷第5期水土保持学报Vol.22No.52008年10月JournalofSoilandWaterConservationOct.,2008*暴雨径流对流域不同土地利用土壤氮磷流失的影响1,211221,*陈志良,程炯,刘平,彭晓春,许振成,吴志峰(1.广东省生态环境与土壤研究所,广州510650;2.环境保护部华南环境科学研究所,广州510655)摘要:以广州流溪河流域内土地利用类型齐全、相对闭合的小流域新田小流域为例,分析了不同暴雨径流过程与土地利用对氮、磷流失的影响,结果表明:(1)林地氮磷的流失较少,说明植被覆盖可
2、以有效减少土壤侵蚀、总磷和总氮的流失;而坡耕地是氮磷流失的重要策源地,说明人类活动对土壤氮磷的干扰很大。(2)流域径流中氮、磷的流失形态分为可溶态和颗粒态,径流中流失是以颗粒态形式流失,即氮磷是以泥沙结合形式流失的;径流中氮素主要是以可溶态氮流失的。(3)氮磷浓度在降雨初期与末期最大。(4)降雨径流是引起土壤氮磷损失的重要原因,但不同的土地利用方式是造成土壤氮磷流失的本质因素,因此在降雨前应特别注意减少和避免那些会加剧土壤侵蚀和磷流失的农事活动。关键词:暴雨径流;土地利用;氮流失;磷流失;新田小流域中图分类号:S151.9文献标识码:
3、A文章编号:10092242(2008)05003004AnExperimentonInfluenceofStormonNitrogenLossandPhosphorusLossunderDifferentLandUseinRiverBasin1,211221,*CHENZhiliang,CHENGJiong,LIUPing,PENGXiaochun,XUZhencheng,WUZhifeng(1.GuangdongInstituteofEcoEnvironmentalandSoilScience,Guangzhou,
4、Guangdong510650;2.SouthChinaInstituteofEnvironmentalScience,SEPA,Guangzhou,Guangdong510650)Abstract:Landuseandstormarekeyrolesofsoilerosion,whichisanimportantsourceofnonpointpollution.Differentintensityofstormandlandusepatternmaybegreatimpactedonlossesofnitrogenandphosph
5、eres.Thispaperwasillustratedtherelationbetweendifferentintensityofstormandlandusepatterninfluencesonnitrogenandphosphoruslosses.WeselectedarepresentativeandrelativelyclosedwatershedwithallkindsoflandusepatterninLiuxiheriverbasintoconductthepresentstudy.FromMaytoSeptembero
6、f2006,seriesofwatersampleswerecollectedinthestudyareawatershedmonitorspotsineachstormevent,atthesametime,flowrateandwaterdepthwerealsomeasured.Sixindicatorsofwaterqualityweremeasured,suchastotaldissolvedphosphorus(TDP),totalnitrogen(TP),chemicaloxygendemand(COD),am+moni
7、anitrogen(NH4-N),totalnitrogen(TN)andnitratenitrogen.Theresultsareasfollow:Thenitrogenandphosphoruslossofforestisleast,whichindicatedthatvegetationcansuspendthesoilerosionandnitrogenandphosphoruslosseffectively.However,slopefarmlandwasanimportantsourceofnonpointpollution
8、,thisphenomenonsuggeststhathumanactivitybeakeyroleonnitrogenandphosphorusloss,intheinvest
