BASICMEASUREMENTSCaltransB我CME年代UREMENTS加州运输局

BASICMEASUREMENTSCaltransB我CME年代UREMENTS加州运输局

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时间:2019-05-14

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1、UNIT3BASICMEASUREMENTSJeremyEvans,L.S.PsomasandAssociates,CostaMesaIntroductionPhilipKissuminhisbook,SurveyingPractice,definessurveyingas“theart,scienceandtechnologyofmakingsuchmeasurementsasarenecessarytodeterminetherelativepositionofpointsabove,onorbeneaththesurfaceo

2、ftheearth,ortoestablishsuchpointsinaspecifiedposition.”Thekeytermsintheabovedefinitionareart,science,technologyandmeasurements.Thescienceandtechnologyofsurveyingareeasytorecognize.Thescienceincludesthelawsofmathematicsandphysicsthatsurveyorsuseeverydaywhilemakingmeasur

3、ements.Technologyincludestheinstrumentation,calculationdevices,andmappingtechnologies(CADD)thathavebecomenecessitiesincurrentsurveypractice.Theartofsurveyingisalittlehardertodefine,butincludestheuseofjudgment,gainedthroughexperience,thatallowssurveyorstochoosethetechno

4、logiesandprocedurestodoaprojectcorrectlyandefficiently.Measurementsarethecornerstonesuponwhichthesurveyorbuildsexperience.Withoutathoroughunderstandingofthebasicsurveymeasurements,asurveyorcannotexpecttomoveontothemorecomplicatedtechnicalissuesnorontotheprofessionaliss

5、ues.Thisunitofthetrainingprogramwilldealwiththebasicsurveymeasurementsofdistance,directionandelevation.Theunitwillalsoconcentrateonmeasurementanalysiswhichincludesthestudyoferrorsandhowtheyaffectmeasurements.CaltransLS/LSITVideoExamPreparationCoursePerformanceExpectedo

6、ntheExamsGivensamplemeasurements,determinethemostprobablevalue,thestandarderrorandthestandarderrorofthemean.Giventhestandarderrorforcertainmeasurements,equipment,andprocedures,predicttheoutcomeofasurveyusingthesemeasurements.Explainthedifferencebetweenslopeandhorizonta

7、ldistance.Calculatehorizontaldistancesfromslopedistancesandverticalanglesordifferencesinelevation.Explaintheeffectsofsystematicerrorsindistancemeasurements(i.e.,temperaturecorrection,sagcorrection,etc.)andbeabletocalculatetheirvalue.Explainthefundamentalprinciplesoftap

8、ingandElectronicDistanceMeasurement(EDM)operation.Explainthebasicmethodsandproceduresforusingatheodolite.Explainthedi

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