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1、Unit3Web(I)JohnWyndhamI.BackgroundInformation1.JohnWyndham:Englishscience-fictionwriter,whogainedfamewithhiscatastrophenovels：TheDayoftheTriffids(1951)《三角树时代》TheKrakenWakes(1953)《海妖苏醒》TheChrysalids(1955)《蝶蛹》LifeStory:JohnWyndhamParkesLucasBeynonHarrisWasborninthevillageofKnowleinWarwickshire,Englan
2、d,thesonofGeorgeBeynonHarris,abarrister(大律师).Aftertryingseveralcareersincludingfarming,law,commercialartandadvertising,hestartedwritingshortstoriesforMoneyin1925.AfterservingintheCivilServiceandthearmyduringthewar,Wyndhamreturnedtowriting,inspiredbythesuccessofhisbrotherwhohadhadfournovelspublished
3、.Healteredhiswritingstyleandby1951,usingtheJohnWyndhampennameforthefirsttime,wrotethenovelTheDayoftheTriffids.ThebookprovedtobeanenormoussuccessandestablishedWyndhamasanimportantexponentofsciencefiction.HewentontowriteandpublishsixmorenovelsunderthenameJohnWyndham,allofwhichappearedinhislifetime.Ma
4、jorworksTheDayoftheTriffids(1951),filmedin1962TheKrakenWakes(1953)waspublishedintheUnitedStatesasOutoftheDeeps.TheChrysalids(1955)waspublishedintheUnitedStatesasRe-Birth,andwasadaptedasaBBCRadio4playintheearly1980s.TheMidwichCuckoos(1957)hasbeenfilmedtwiceasVillageoftheDamned.TroublewithLichen(1960
5、)Chocky(1968)hasbeenadaptedasaThamesTelevisionserial.Web(1979)isashortnovelthat,althoughlesswellknown,includesallhismajorthemes.Thefirstfournovels,writtenoverafairlyshortperiodinthe1950s,arewidelyregardedasthepeakofhisachievement.TheDayoftheTriffidsremainsbest-knownwork,butsomeofhisreadersconsidert
6、hatTheChrysalidswasreallyhisbest.CentralThemeandHeroes:ThecentralthemeinWyndham'smajorworksiscatastrophe----thestruggleforsurvivalinextremesituations.Hisheroesareoftenordinarypeople,whotrytosustaincivilizedvalues,whenthenormalsocialsystemhascollapsed.MostofWyndham'snovelshaveacontemporary1950sEngli
7、shmiddle-classsetting,whichtodaygivesthemanold-fashionedsense,andimpliesapropersenseofrationality.AnewformofScienceFictionAlthoughWyndhamwaswritingattheheightofthecoldwar,hisanticipationoftheriseofgeneticen
