01-Fuzzy Identity-Based Encryption

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1、FuzzyIdentity-BasedEncryptionAmitSahai1,
andBrentWaters21UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngelessahai@cs.ucla.edu2StanfordUniversitybwaters@cs.stanford.eduAbstract.WeintroduceanewtypeofIdentity-BasedEncryption(IBE)schemethatwecallFuzzyIdentity-BasedEncryption.InFuzzyIBEweviewani

2、dentityassetofdescriptiveattributes.AFuzzyIBEschemeallowsforaprivatekeyforanidentity,ω,todecryptaciphertexten-

cryptedwithanidentity,ω,ifandonlyiftheidentitiesωandωareclosetoeachotherasmeasuredbythe“setoverlap”distancemetric.AFuzzyIBEschemecanbeappliedtoenableencryptionus

3、ingbiometricinputsasidentities;theerror-tolerancepropertyofaFuzzyIBEschemeispreciselywhatallowsfortheuseofbiometricidentities,whichinher-entlywillhavesomenoiseeachtimetheyaresampled.Additionally,weshowthatFuzzy-IBEcanbeusedforatypeofapplicationthatweterm“attribute-basedenc

4、ryption”.InthispaperwepresenttwoconstructionsofFuzzyIBEschemes.OurconstructionscanbeviewedasanIdentity-BasedEncryptionofamessageunderseveralattributesthatcomposea(fuzzy)identity.OurIBEschemesarebotherror-tolerantandsecureagainstcollusionattacks.Additionally,ourbasicconstru

5、ctiondoesnotuserandomoracles.WeprovethesecurityofourschemesundertheSelective-IDsecuritymodel.1IntroductionIdentity-BasedEncryption[15](IBE)allowsforasendertoencryptamessagetoanidentitywithoutaccesstoapublickeycertificate.Theabilitytodopublickeyencryptionwithoutcertificatesha

6、smanypracticalapplications.Forexample,ausercansendanencryptedmailtoarecipient,e.g.bobsmith@gmail.com,withouttherequiringeithertheexistenceofaPublic-KeyInfrastructureorthattherecipientbeon-lineatthetimeofcreation.OnecommonfeatureofallpreviousIdentity-BasedEncryptionsystemsi

7、sthattheyviewidentitiesasastringofcharacters.InthispaperweproposeanewtypeofIdentity-BasedEncryptionthatwecallFuzzyIdentity-BasedEncryptioninwhichweviewidentitiesasasetofdescriptiveattributes.InaFuzzyIdentity-BasedEncryptionscheme,auserwiththesecretkeyfortheidentityωisable

8、AmitSahai’sresearchwassupportedbygenerousgrantsfromtheNSFITRprogram,aswellasaSloanFoundat