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1、China’sgreenrevolutionPrioritizingtechnologiestoachieveenergyandenvironmentalsustainability2China’sgreenrevolutionPrioritizingtechnologiestoachieveenergyandenvironmentalsustainability34PrefaceChina’srapidpaceofurbanizationandeconomicdevelopmentoverthepastthreedecadeshasliftedhun
2、dredsofmillionsofpeopleoutofpoverty,andcatapultedthenationintotheranksoftheworld’slargesteconomies.Yet,risingdemandforenergy,increasingemissionsofgreenhousegases,andthedeteriorationofcriticalnaturalresourcessuchasarablelandandwater,poseenormouschallengesforChina.Likemanycountrie
3、s,Chinafacesthechallengeoffindingsolutionsthatadequatelyaddresstheseissueswithoutcompromisingitseconomicdevelopmentgoalsandthelivingstandardsofitspeople.Toprovideaquantitative,fact-basedanalysistohelppolicymakersandbusinessleadersidentifyandprioritizepotentialsolutions,McKinsey&
4、Company,incooperationwithleadingresearchersinChinaandacrosstheworld,undertookastudyoftherangeoftechnologiesthatChinacoulddeploytoaddressitsenergyandenvironmentalsustainabilitychallenges.Overthepastyear,theteamstudiedover200efficiencyandabatementtechnologies,withaspecialfocusonfi
5、vesectors:residentialandcommercialbuildingsandappliances;transportation;emissionsintensiveindustries(includingsteel,cement,chemicals,coalminingandwastemanagement);powergeneration;andagricultureandforestry.Inthecourseoftheirresearch,theteaminterviewedmorethan100expertsfromgovernm
6、ent,business,andacademia.ThemethodologyweemployedinthisreportisconsistentwiththeclimatechangeabatementcostcurveresearchthatMcKinseyhasconductedgloballyoverthepastthreeyears.Inthisreportweusegreenhousegas(GHG)emissionsasaconsistentmetricforevaluatingthefullrangeofdifferenttechnol
7、ogiesthatwestudied,fromwindturbinestoLEDlightbulbs.Thismetricalsoservesasaproxyforassessingtheimpactofthesetechnologiesonotheraspectsofsustainability,suchasenergysavings,pollutioncontrol,andecosystempreservation.Ourestimatesareofthemaximumtechnicalabatementpotentialofeachoption.
8、Severalfactorscouldlimittherealizationofthefull