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1、Unit2Theuniversallanguage GrammarandusageLookatthissentence,aretheresomewordsthatareleftoutinthissentence?Inordertoavoidmarriage,shesaysthatanypotentialhusbandmustanswerthreeriddlescorrectlyordie.Ellipsisorhemustdie句子中常可省略的成分如下：1)省掉主语。如：Thankyouforyourhelp.Seeyoutomorrow.2)省掉谓语动词。如：Someofuss
2、tudyRussian，othersEnglish.HegotupearlierthanItoday.(others后省掉study)(前面省掉主语I)(前面省掉主语I)(I后省掉gotup)3)省掉系动词。e.g.MaLinisabusdriver,hiswifeaconductor.Goldismoreexpensivethansilver.(hiswife后省掉is)(silver后省掉is)4)同时省掉句子的几个成分。e.g.InwinteritiscolderinBeijingthaninGuangzhou.Hashegoneornot?(=Hashegoneorha
3、shenotgone?)(than后省略itis)—Whendidyoureadtheplay?—Longago.—HaveyoueverbeentoXinjiang?—Never.(=Ihaveneverbeenthere.)(=Ireaditlongago.)e.g.Heistwelveyearsold.他十二岁。Iwalkedfortenmiles.我走了十英里路。2.语法上允许的省略。有些成分的被省略是出于语法上的允许,以显得表述更为简明。Heistwelve.Iwalkedtenmiles.3.习惯用法上允许的省略。有些省略句的情况是出于习惯用法,尤其是在口语中。例如
4、在问句中be常常省略,有时连主语一起省略:e.g.Veryeasy?很简单吗？Whynot?为什么不？4.省略语还经常出现在新闻标题或使用说明中newspaperheadlines:Turandotonstage图兰朵将要上演signsandlabels:Nosmoking禁止吸烟instructions:DonotbendpostcardsanddiariesHavenothadtimetowritediarynotesOperaOK,costumesgreat3.在感叹句中Whata(good)boy(heis)!How(hard)theyareworking!4.在名词所
5、有格修饰的名词若表示店铺,住宅,教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物Athermother’s(house)shepassedmanyhappydays.Imethimatthedoctors’(house).5.动词不定式的省略a.为避免重复,常省略上文已提到的动词原形,只保留不定式中的小品词to:这类动词有:expect,forget,hope,intend,mean,prefer,refuse,try,want,wish,wouldlike,like和love等.如:Sheaskedmetodancewithher,butIdidn’twantto(dancewithhe
6、r).--Willyougowithme?--Well,I’dliketo(gowithyou).b.在haveto,needto,oughtto,begoingto,usedto等后省略动词.如:Ireallydidn’twanttogotherewithhim,butIhadto(gotherewithhim).c.在某些形容词delighted,glad,happy,pleased等后省略to后面的动词.如:—Willyoujoininourdiscussion?—I’llbegladto(joininyourdiscussion).d.若不定式中带有be,have等,通
7、常保留be,have.如:—Areyouateacher?—No,butIusedtobe(ateacher).Johndidn’tcome,butheoughttohave(come).—Hehasn’tgonetotheofficeuptonow.__Well,he__________.A.shouldB.oughttoC.oughttogoD.oughttohaveD——Whatdoyouthinkmadethegirlsoglad? ——＿＿＿＿＿abeautifulnecklace
