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1、waterresearch47(2013)439e448Availableonlineatwww.sciencedirect.comjournalhomepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/watresDirectphotochemistryofthreefluoroquinoloneantibacterials:Norfloxacin,ofloxacin,andenrofloxacina,aaaKristineH.Wammer*,AndrewR.Korte,RachelA.Lundeen,JacobE.Sundberg,bcK
2、ristopherMcNeill,WilliamA.ArnoldaDepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofSt.Thomas,2115SummitAve.,St.Paul,MN55105,USAbInstituteforBiogeochemistryandPollutantDynamics,ETHZurich,8092Zurich,SwitzerlandcDepartmentofCivilEngineering,UniversityofMinnesota,500PillsburyDr.SE,Minneapolis,
3、MN55455,USAarticleinfoabstractArticlehistory:Fluoroquinolone(FQ)antibacterialcompoundsarefrequentlydetectedintheaquaticReceived8June2012environment,andphotodegradationisexpectedtoplayanimportantroleinFQfateinReceivedinrevisedformsomesunlitsurfacewaters.Thisstudyinvestigated
4、thedirectaquaticphotochemistryof12October2012threeFQs:norfloxacin,ofloxacin,andenrofloxacin.ThedirectphotolysisrateofeachdrugAccepted13October2012exhibitedstrongpHdependencewhenexposedtosimulatedsunlight.ForeachFQ,directAvailableonline22October2012photolysisratesandtotallighta
5、bsorbancewereusedtocalculatequantumyieldsforeachofthreeenvironmentallyrelevantprotonationstates:acationic,azwitterionic,andanKeywords:anionicform.Ineachcase,quantumyieldsofthespeciesvariedsignificantly.TheFluoroquinolonesquantumyieldforthezwitterionicformwas2e3timeshighertha
6、nthatoftheanionicformQuantumyieldandoveranorderofmagnitudehigherthanthatofthecationicform.AntibacterialactivityPhotolysisassayswereusedtodeterminewhetherthelossofparentFQduetophotolysisledtolossofAntibacterialactivityactivity.Norfloxacinandofloxacinphotoproductswerefoundtobei
7、nactive,whereasenrofloxacinphotoproductswerefoundtoretainsignificantactivity.TheseresultsareimportantforaidinginpredictionsofthepotentialimpactsofFQsinsurfacewaters.ª2012ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.1.IntroductionResearchaboutwhichprocessesaremostlikelytocontroltheenvironmen
8、talfateofFQsinaquaticenvironmentsisFluoroquinolones(FQs)areaclassofantibacterialco
