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1、MikeDennisApeople’sgame:FootballintheGermanDemocraticRepublicFootballfansacrosstheGDRdeeplyresentedthearbitrarypoliticalinterferenceinmattersrelatingtothenamesandlocationofclubsandthediscriminationinfavourofeliteteamsassociatedwiththeStasiandthearmy.Resentmentfou
2、ndexpressioninfrequentcomplaintstopartyauthorities,publicprotests,pitchinvasionsandotherformsofdisorderwhich,especiallyinthe1980s,developedintofrequentoutbreaksofmoreseriousfootballhooliganism.Apeople’sgameVirtuallyaterraincognitabefore1990,theopeningofthearchive
3、sandinterviewswithformerplayersandofficialsrevealGDRfootballtobeasub-systemthoroughlypenetratedbytheMinistryofStateSecurity(Stasi)andsubjectedtothepoliticalimperativesoftherulingSED.Asinothersports,privateassociationsandclubswerebannedandanumbrellabody,theGermanS
4、portandGymnasticsFederation(DTSB),wasresponsiblefortherunningofeliteandmasssport.Yetpoliticalcontrolwasjustonesideofthepitch:footballenjoyedasurprising,iflimited,degreeofautonomyfromthecentralsportandSEDfunctionaries;manyfansdevelopedadualloyaltytolocalandWestGer
5、manteams;clubofficialsandsupportersobjectedbitterlytopolitically-inspireddiscriminationagainsttheirownteam;andbythe1980shooliganismposedagrowingthreattopublicorder.Theincreasingdisillusionmentofsomanysupporterswiththepoliticsofthegame,togetherwithanexaminationoft
6、hebasiccharacteristicsoffandom,willbethemainfocusofthischapter.FootballwasthemostpopularformoforganisedsportindividedGermanyafter1945.IntheGDR,theGermanFootballAssociation(DeutscherFußballverband–DFV)hadthehighestmembershipamongassociationsattachedtotheDTSB.Avera
7、geattendancesatOberliga(firstdivision)matcheshoveredaround12,000inthe1970s,dailynewspapersandspecialistpublicationssuchasFußballwochecateredfortheavidinterestinthegame,andfansswitchedontheirTVsetstowatchGDRand,especiallyfromthe1970s,WestGermanfootballprogrammes.S
8、omeSEDleadersandsportadministratorsan-210MikeDennisticipatedapoliticalbonusfromsuccessontheplayingfield:ErichMielke,theMinisterofStateSecurityandafootballfanat
