THINKING STYLES AND SOCIALLY ENRICHED LEARNING MATERIAL DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS ON MOTIVATION

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1、THINKINGSTYLESANDSOCIALLYENRICHEDLEARNINGMATERIAL:DIFFERENTIALEFFECTSONMOTIVATIONANDMEMORYPERFORMANCEAgnetaGulzLundUniversityCognitiveScienceKungshuset,LundagårdS-22222Lund,SwedenE-mail:Agneta.Gulz@lucs.lu.seInthisstudy,weexaminedhowlearnersareinfluencedwhensocialinformation,intheformofafra

2、mework,isaddedtoalearningmaterial.Thestudywasintegratedinaclassthattheparticipantsweretaking.Motivationalaswellasmemoryperformanceeffectswerestudied.Inanassignment,twostudymaterialswereused,inwhicheachofthematerialscameinaneutralaswellasasociallyenrichedformat.Earlierinthesemester,thepartic

3、ipantshadcompletedaquestionnairethatassessedtheirdegreeofinterestinrepresentedsocialcontexts–theirdegreeofpersonorientation.Theresultsshowedconsiderableindividualvariabilityinattitudestothesociallyenrichedframeworks.Thestudyalsopointstoindividualdifferencesastowhethersocialenrichmentofamate

4、rialsupportsmemoryperformanceornot.Inaddition,theresultsofthestudyindicatethattheconstruct‘degreeofpersonorientation’ismeaningfulindescribingthevariabilitybothinattitudeandperformance.Apedagogicalimplicationoftheresultsisthatwecannothopeforsocialenrichmentoflearningmaterialstobeaninstructio

5、nalpanacea.Thatis,cognitivescientistsorinstructionalscientistswillnotbeabletoproposesocialenrichmentasageneralrecommendationorguidelinetodesignersofinstructionalmaterials.Rather,designersoughttobemadeawareoftheindividualvariabilityinthisrespect.Humanbeingsaresocialandcommunicativehumanhallm

6、ark(Donald,1991).Anexampleofacreatures.Frombirthon,ahumanbeingorientssocio-cognitiveactivitythatrecursindifferentherselftowardsotherhumansintheenvironmentandculturesisgossip.InhisbookGrooming,GossipandrespondstoandinitiatescommunicationandtheEvolutionofLanguage(1996),Dunbardescribesinteract

7、ionwiththem.Thisorientationisenclosedatasmalltalkandgossipasthefirstimportantstepinthegenerallevelinhumangeneticequipmentlinguisticdevelopmentofhumankind.Nordenstam(Trevarthen,1992;Vygotsky&Luria,1994).The(1998)emphasizesthefunctionofgossip–thespecificco